Respiratory system and Ventilation Flashcards
Summary of the respiratory system:
- To provide cells with energy for growth, defence, maintenance from aerobic mechanisms
- To provide cells with oxygen
5 functions of the respiratory structure:
1 - Provides a large gas exchange surface area between air and blood
2 - Moves air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs
3 - Protects respiratory surfaces from outside environment
4 - Production of sound
5 - Participates in Olfaction Sense
What is the respiratory tract?
the passageway which carries air to the lungs
What 2 parts make up the respiratory tract
- Conducting zone (upper)
- Respiratory zone (lower)
Describe the 2 Zones of the lower respiratory tract:
- Conducting zone runs from nasal cavity to Bronchioles
- Respiratory zone runs from bronchioles to alveoli
Describe the structure of the left and right lung
Both have: Superior and Inferior lobes, an oblique fissure separating the lobes, an apex and a base
Right - has middle lobe and horizontal fissure
Left - has Cardiac notch (indent)
What lines the conducting zone of the respiratory tract?
Respiratory Mucosa
describe the Respiratory Mucosa:
made of an epithelial and areolar layer
- epithelial layer contains ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells and mucous cells.
Where can the Lamina Propria be found? and how does it vary?
all along the respiratory tract
- It underlies areolar connective tissue on the upper respiratory tract and contains mucous glands
- along the lower respiratory tract (bronchioles area) it is smooth muscle encircling the lumen
Describe the Nasal cavity:
- divided by the Nasal septum into 2 sides
- Has Paranasal sinus
- contains olfaction receptors for smelling
- 3 Nasal nonchae (superior, middle, inferior)
what can be found in the nasal vestibule and what does it do?
Nasal hairs, which make the particle filtration system
What is the job of the paranasal sinuses?
to secrete mucous and tears to clean the cavity and moisten the air
What are meatuses?
- Constricting random flow passage ways that create air turbulence to trap particles and moisten/warm incoming air
Describe the 2 Palates?
Hard Palate - forms floor of nasal cavity dividing nasal and oral cavity
Soft Palate - extends from the hard palate dividing the superior nasopharynx from the lower 2 pharynx
Describe the Pharynx
Made of 3 parts:
Upper - Nasopharynx, at the back of the nasal cavity
Middle - Oropharynx, at the back of the oral cavity
Lower - Laryngopharynx, at top of oesophagus next to larynx
Describe the Pharynx
Made of 3 parts:
Upper - Nasopharynx, at the back of the nasal cavity
Middle - Oropharynx, at the back of the oral cavity
Lower - Laryngopharynx, at top of oesophagus on top of the larynx
What is the larynx?
A series of cartilage structures that surround the Glottis
Name all the cartilages that make up the larynx:
3 large Cartilages:
- Thyroid, Cricoid and Epiglottis
3 Smaller cartilages
- Cuneiform, Arytenoid, Corniculate cartilages
Describe the thyroid cartilage:
- Made of hyaline cartilage
- forms anterior and lateral larynx walls
- ligaments attach to hyoid bone, epiglottis and laryngeal cartilages
- Superior to cricoid cartilage
- protects the glottis
Describe the Cricoid cartilage:
- Made of hyaline cartilage
- forms the posterior portion of the larynx
- ligaments attach to first tracheal cartilage
- articulates with arytenoid cartilages
- protects the glottis
Describe the Epiglottis
- Superior to the Glottis and is a projection that forms a lid
- Made of Elastic cartilage
- Ligaments attach to thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone
There are 3 pairs of small cartilages what are they called?
Cuneiform cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
2 small cartilages in the larynx have a special function, which 2 and whats the function?
- Arytenoid and Corniculate cartilages
- Open and close the Glottis and produce sound
What kinds of ligaments are found in the larynx?
Vestibular and vocal ligaments
