Articulations Flashcards
Name the 3 different types of articulations that have varying flexibility:
- Synarthrosis - Immovable
- Amphiarthrosis - Slightly Movable
- Diarthrosis - Freely Movable
Name the 3 different types of movements in the sagittal plane:
- Flexion - Reduced angle
- Extension - Anatomical position
- Hyperextension - Increased Angle
Name the 2 different movements in the frontal plane:
- Abduction - Away from body
- Adduction - towards body
What kinds of rotation are there?
- Lateral and medial of limbs
- left and right rotation of head
what unique movements can the forearm do?
supination - palm up
Pronation - palm down and thumb on medial side
What movements are there uniquely for the foot?
- Inversion and eversion - sole facing inwards and outwards
- Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion - toes pulled up and toes pointed
How are joints classified? with the names of different joint types:
by what fills the space between them
- Cartilaginous, Fibrous and synovial
Name the 3 kinds of Fibrous joints and their range of motion
Suture - Synarthrosis
Gomphosis - Synarthrosis
Syndesmosis - Amphiarthrosis
Describe a suture
Articulating bones interlocked by collagen fibres so synarthrosis
Describe a Gomphosis
Where ligaments hold bone tightly, eg Teeth in their socket, so synarthrosis
Describe a Syndesmosis:
Long bones held together by ligaments, like radius and Ulna, so Amphiarthrosis
Name the 2 types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis - Synarthrosis
Symphisis - Amphiarthrosis
Describe synchondrosis and symphysis joints:
synchondrosis- just bones attached by cartilage that cant move
Symphisis - Bone separated by fibrocartilage disks eg, vertebra
Describe a Synovial joint:
- Articular cartilage, smooth cover on bone to protect the bone and reduce friction
- Synovial fluid, for lubrication and shock absorption
- Joint Capsule, made of fibrous connective tissue
- Synovial membrane, lines the inner of the joint capsule
List the joint accessory structures and their purposes:
- Cartilage - cushioning
- Fat Pads - provide protection
- Ligaments - strengthen joint
- Tendons - attach muscle to bone
- Bursae - pocket of synovial fluid to stop tendons and ligaments rubbing on bone
List the types of synovial joints:
- Gliding
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Condylar
- Saddle
- Ball and socket
Describe the structure of a intervertebral disk
- Outer Vertebral end plate
- Anulus fibrosus - fibrous layer
- Nucleus Pulpus - elastic core
How may the fibrocartilage pad cause a herniated disk?
the Anulus fibrosus can weaken causing the nucleus pulpus to bulge into the spinal cord.
Describe the structure of the knee joint:
- Femur Condyles articulate with Tibia
- Medial and lateral condyles attach to medial and lateral menisci and then the tibia
- tibial collateral and fibial collateral ligaments run down the sides of the joint
- ACL and PCL cross over in knee but the PCL sticks out at the back (posterior)
What is another name for the shoulder joint?
Glenohumeral
What is a sprain?
tearing fibres of a ligament
What is a dislocation?
when articulating surfaces are displaced
what is subluxation?
Partial dislocation
What is a rupture?
Complete tearing of a ligament
