Integumentary system Flashcards
Pneumonic to remember the layers of skin
Come Lets Get Sun Burnt
layers of the epidermis from surface to deepest
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale
What 2 type of components make up the integumentary system
- Cutaneous membrane
- Accessory Structures
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
- Protection
- Excretion
- Maintenance of body temperature
- Production of Melanin and Keratin
- Synthesis of Vitamin D
- Sensation of touch, pressure, temp and pain
What 3 layers make up the cutaneous membrane?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
What are the 2 sublayers in the Dermis?
- Reticular layer
- Papillary layer
Describe the process of regeneration of Epidermis
- Basal Keratinocytes divide in Stratum Basale
- Keratinocytes become shrunken and dehydrated in stratum spinosum
- Keratin is produced and cells start apoptosis in stratum granulosum
- Cells are flattened and clear in stratum lucidum
- Dead flat keratinocytes lacking organelles make up the stratum corneum
- Cells on the surface shed
what stimulates basal keratinocytes to divide beginning epidermal regeneration?
- Epidermal Growth Factor hormone
How does thick skin compare to thin skin?
Thick:
- Thicker Stratum Corneum, Lucidum and Spinosum
- Well developed dermal papillae (finger ridges)
- No hair follicles
- more sweat glands
- More Sensory receptors
What is the purpose of melanocytes?
- make and secrete melanin, which shields skin from UV light
where can melanocytes be found?
in Stratum Basale
what different pigments are there for skin?
- Carotene - yellowish
- Melanin - Brown, makes freckles and UV protection
- Blood - gives pink/blue colouration
What makes up the Papillary layer?
Areolar tissue
What makes up the Reticular layer?
Fibrous network
Name all the components of the dermis:
- Papillary Layer
- Reticular layer
- Blood vessels running in the papillary plexus and cutaneous plexus
- Sensory receptors
What type of tissue makes up the hypodermis?
- Loose connective tissue, Adipose and Areolar tissue
- Connective fibres are also interwoven with reticular layer of dermis
What is Fascia?
The vast network of connective tissues making up the skin
Name the 3 layers of Fascia:
Top layer: Superficial Fascia, this is the hypodermis
Middle: Deep Fascia, dense connective tissue
Bottom: Subserous Fascia, Areolar tissue between serous membrane and deep fascia
Function of hair:
Protection, Insulation and sensation
List the features of a hair:
- Hair
- Sebaceous gland
- Connective tissue sheath
- Root hair plexus
- arrector pilli muscle
what are the 3 layers in a hair stem:
Outer - Cuticle, tough thin layer of hard keratin
Middle - Cortex, thick layer of hard keratin
Inner - Medulla, flexible soft keratin
What 4 layers make up the hair sheath?
Outer - Connective tissue sheath
- Glass membrane
- External root sheath
Inner - Internal root sheath (star shape)
Describe Hair Growth:
- Basal Cells in hair matrix (base of cell) fall out
- Daughter cells are pushed to the surface
- Follicle becomes inactive and connections between hair root and hair matrix break down
- Hair falls out, a new hair grows
Label a nail:
- Nail body (keratinised cells)
- Eponychium (cuticle)
- Lunula (white bit at base)
