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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal Anatomy > Flashcards

Skeletal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The skeletal anatomy is made from 2 main sections, what are they?

A

Axial - Head and Torso

Appendicular - Limbs

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2
Q

give 5 terms for a process where ligaments can attach and their shape

A

1) Trochanter - large rough
2) Tubercle - small round
3) Tuberosity - small rough
4) Crest - ridge
5) Spine - pointed

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3
Q

what is a process?

A

Any projection of bump

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4
Q

give 3 different types of articulating surfaces:

A

1) Head (expanded epiphysis)
2) Condyle (smooth and rounded)
3) Facet (small and flat)

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5
Q

what 2 terms are there for openings in bones:

A

1) Foramen

2) Canal

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6
Q

give all the bones in the cranium

A
  • Occipital
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Sphenoid
  • Zygomatic
  • Temporal
  • Ethmoid
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7
Q

Name all the facial bones:

A
  • Maxillary bone (upper jaw)
  • Nasal bone (nose)
  • Mandible (lower jaw)
  • Zygomatic bones (cheeks)
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8
Q

what are your paranasal sinuses?

A

hollow parts of the skull which reduce weight

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9
Q

What is the cartilage in new born babies head’s called? and which bone does it surround?

A

Fontanel

- the Parietal bone

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10
Q

Describe the structure of the vertebral column

A
  • 26 total vertebra
  • 7 cervical (neck)
  • 12 thoracic (upper back)
  • 5 lumbar (lower back)
  • sacrum
    coccyx at the bottom
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11
Q

Describe the features of a regular vertebra

A
  • Body (load bearing)
  • Spineous process
  • 2 Transverse processes (side bits)
  • Arch
  • Vertebral foramen (hole)
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12
Q

How do Cervical vertebrae differ from normal:

A
  • oval body
  • has transverse foramen
  • split spineous process
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13
Q

How do thoracic vertebrae differ from normal:

A
  • Heart shaped body
  • facets for rib articulation
  • longer spineous process
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14
Q

How do Lumbar vertebrae differ from normal:

A
  • huge body for added load bearing

- Transverse processes which look like maple leaf

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15
Q

Which bones does the Atlas articulate with?

A
  • The occipital condyles

- The Axis

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16
Q

what number vertebra is the Axis?

A

C2

17
Q

What is included in the thoracic cage?

A
  • 12 Thoracic vertebrae
  • 12 ribs (7 true and 5 false)
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Sternum
18
Q

describe how the rib articulates in the body:

A
  • Tubercle of rib articulates with transverse process of vertebra
  • Costal cartilage articulates with rib and sternum
19
Q

Which bones are included within the axial skeleton?

A
  • Cranium
  • Facial
  • Ribs
  • vertebra
  • Sternum
20
Q

What makes up the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle and Scapula

21
Q

Name all the features on the scapula:

A
  • Glenoid cavity (shoulder socket)
  • Acromion
  • Scapula spine
  • Coracoid process
22
Q

Name the features of the clavicle:

A
  • Acromial end (rounder)

- Sternal end (flat)

23
Q

Which bones does the humerus articulate with:

A
  • Scapula
  • Ulna
  • Radius
24
Q

describe the forearm:

A

Radius
- On thumb side articulates with humerus and wrist joint
Ulna
- Trochlear notch articulates with humerus and also articulates with wrist joint
- Olecranon forms the elbow

25
Q

Describe the structure of the wrist:

A
  • 2 rows of carpel bones
    proximal row articulates with radius and Ulna
    Distal row articulate with metacarpals
26
Q

Describe the structure of the hand:

A
  • 2 rows of Carpal bones
  • 1 row, 5 metacarpals (palm)
  • each finger has 3 phalanges
  • thumb only has 2 phalanges
27
Q

What makes up the Pelvic girdle?

A

3 coxal bones fused together

  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
28
Q

what is the name of the hip socket and hips contour?

A

socket = acetabulum

hip line = iliac crest

29
Q

how can you tell the difference between male and female pelvises?

A

male have narrower pubic angle and taller pelvis

30
Q

Describe the Femur:

A
  • Head
  • long shaft
  • 2 distal Condyles
  • Lesser and greater trochanter create the neck
    articulates with Tibia
31
Q

Describe the structure of the lower leg:

A

Tibia
- has 2 condyles and articulates with Femur
- involved with ankle joint and forms inner ankle bump (medial malleolus)
Fibula
- Articulates with Tibia and ankle joint
- Forms outer ankle bump (lateral malleolus)

32
Q

Describe the structure of the ankle:

A

7 Tarsal bones

  • including Talus which makes the ankle joint
  • Calcaneous, the heel
33
Q

Describe the structure of the foot:

A

just like the hand
- 5 Metatarsals
The hallux (big toe) has 2 phalanges, and the rest have 3 phalanges

Anatomy and Physiology (16 decks)

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