Tissues

Question 1

What happens when cell division occurs?

Answer 1

Unspecialised cells turn to specialised cells that differ from their parent cell. This happens when changes occur in cytoplasm/nucleus.

Question 2

How many layers does the primitive cell have?

Answer 2

3 layers; the outer, middle and internal.

Question 3

What does the outer layer of the primitive cell form?

Answer 3

Skin and nervous system

Question 4

What does the middle layer of the primitive cell form?

Answer 4

Muscle, connective tissue, circulatory organs

Question 5

What does the inner layer of the primitive cell form?

Answer 5

Liver, pancreas and lungs.

Question 6

What are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 6

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous

Question 7

What function does the epithelial tissue have?

Answer 7

Protection, Absorption, Secretion and Filtration

Question 8

Where is epithelial tissue most commonly found?

Answer 8

Membranes, ducts, lining of body cavities and hollow organs

Question 9

What does the protective epithelial tissue do?

Answer 9

Covers surface ie skin

Question 10

What does the absorptive epithelial tissue do?

Answer 10

Absorbs substances ie air sac of lung tissue where o2 absorbed into blood

Question 11

What does the secretive epithelial tissue do?

Answer 11

Secretes substances ie mucous membranes, digestive tract, urinary pathways. Also has filtering epithelial tissue in kidneys which is single layer.

Question 12

What does the glandular epithelial tissue do?

Answer 12

Produces and secretes important substances. ie glands include sweat, mammary, salivary and endocrine glands (hormone producing pituitary and thyroid).

Question 13

What are the different layers of tissue?

Answer 13

Simple, stratified, squamous, cuboidal and columnar.

Question 14

What are the characteristics of simple squamous?

Answer 14

Single layered flat, scale like cells which adapt to diffusion, osmosis and filtration ie lines air sacs of lungs.

Question 15

What are the characteristics of stratified squamous?

Answer 15

Layers of squamous cells for wear and tear. Areas subject to abuse ie lining mouth, vagina, skin, nails.

Question 16

What are the characteristics of cuboidal?

Answer 16

Used for secretion and absorption ie surface of ovaries, kidneys, lining of smaller ducts (thyroid).

Question 17

What are the characteristics of stratified cuboidal?

Answer 17

Layers of cubed shaped cells providing protection ie adult sweat glands, pharynx, epiglottis, ducts.

Question 18

What are the characteristics of simple columnar?

Answer 18

Protects underlying tissue ie gastro intestinal tract, gall bladder, excretory ducts of organs.

Question 19

What does ciliated mean and what does it do?

Answer 19

Ciliated means it has tiny hair like strands that help move things along ie propels mucous up and out of respiratory tract

Question 20

What are the characteristics of stratified columnar?

Answer 20

Part of female urethra, small ducts of some glands and also mucous membranes.

Question 21

What are the characteristics of Psuedostratified columnar?

Answer 21

Single layer however all cells different lengths ie large excretory ducts of some glands, epididymis, parts of male urethra and eustachian tubes.

Question 22

What are the characteristics of transitional cells?

Answer 22

similar to stratified squamous (non keratinised) and is very flexible preventing rupture of organs ie bladder

Question 23

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 23

Fibrous, can be soft and rubbery or hard and rigid, matrix determines tissue quality (loose or dense), can be fatty tissue, fascia, tendons, ligaments, cartilage bone, vascular (blood)

Question 24

What physical properties can connective tissue be catagorised in?

Answer 24

Circulating, generalised and structural.

Question 25

What are the functions of Connective tissue? Provide examples

Answer 25

Protection (skeleton), Support (ligaments), Binds organs together, Separates structures (fascia) and Storage or reserve tissue (adipose, fat)

Question 26

What are the 7 types of connective tissue?

Answer 26

Loose, Dense, Elastic, Reticular, Cartilage, Bone, Blood

Question 27

What are the 2 types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 27

Areolar and Adipose

Question 28

What are the characteristics of areolar loose connective tissue?

Answer 28

Soft and pliable cushioning and protecting organs. Is somewhat elastic. Its functions include connect tissue, provide support (fascia, beneath skin and around muscles and organs), provides reservoir of water and salts.

Question 29

What are the characteristics of adipose loose connective tissue?

Answer 29

Contains fat. Function is fat storage of energy reserves, cushion between organs and body structures (subcutaneous layer below skin)

Question 30

What are the characteristics of Dense connective tissue?

Answer 30

Tighter packed cells, has collagen fibres, found in fascia, dermis, membranes around organs, periosteum of bone, tendons and ligaments

Question 31

What are the characteristics of elastic connective tissue?

Answer 31

Maintains shape of organ ie lungs, artery wall, trachea, bronchiol tubes

Question 32

What are the characteristics of reticular connective tissue?

Answer 32

Forms stroma (framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes

Question 33

What are the characteristics of cartilage connective tissue?

Answer 33

Flexible and acts as shock absorber in joints ie outer ear, nose, between joint surface and anterior medial ribs

Question 34

What are the characteristics of bone connective tissue?

Answer 34

Rigid strength, cells surrounded with large stores of inorganic salts (calcium, phosphate)

Question 35

What are the characteristics of blood (liquid) connective tissue?

Answer 35

Intercellular substances in plasma, fibres only when blood clotted.

Question 36

What is the role of muscle tissue?

Answer 36

To produce movement through contraction and relaxation

Question 37

What are the types of muscle tissue?

Answer 37

Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac

Question 38

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue?

Answer 38

Is voluntary or striated. Contract or relax consciously

Question 39

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue?

Answer 39

Are visceral or non-striated. Move materials through body. Movement is involuntary and controlled by nervous system

Question 40

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue?

Answer 40

Striated but involuntary. Has intercalated discs and branching cell that make unique. Discs allow ions to pass freely giving rapid conduction of electrical pulse. Involuntary control, has a constant contract and relax mechanism

Question 41

What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?

Answer 41

Highly organised, have specialised conducting cells called nuerons (axon, body and dendrite).

Question 42

What are the functions of nervous tissue?

Answer 42

Control and coordinate activities of the body

Question 43

What are the characteristics of nuerons?

Answer 43

Have irritability and conductivity. Receive and conduct electrical impulses from 1 part to another. Unique structure (cytoplasm is long extensions allowing single nueron to impulse over long distances).

Question 44

What do nuerons make up?

Answer 44

Nervous system, brain , spinal cord and nerves