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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What happens when cell division occurs?

A

Unspecialised cells turn to specialised cells that differ from their parent cell. This happens when changes occur in cytoplasm/nucleus.

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2
Q

How many layers does the primitive cell have?

A

3 layers; the outer, middle and internal.

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3
Q

What does the outer layer of the primitive cell form?

A

Skin and nervous system

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4
Q

What does the middle layer of the primitive cell form?

A

Muscle, connective tissue, circulatory organs

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5
Q

What does the inner layer of the primitive cell form?

A

Liver, pancreas and lungs.

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6
Q

What are the 4 tissue types?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous

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7
Q

What function does the epithelial tissue have?

A

Protection, Absorption, Secretion and Filtration

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8
Q

Where is epithelial tissue most commonly found?

A

Membranes, ducts, lining of body cavities and hollow organs

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9
Q

What does the protective epithelial tissue do?

A

Covers surface ie skin

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10
Q

What does the absorptive epithelial tissue do?

A

Absorbs substances ie air sac of lung tissue where o2 absorbed into blood

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11
Q

What does the secretive epithelial tissue do?

A

Secretes substances ie mucous membranes, digestive tract, urinary pathways. Also has filtering epithelial tissue in kidneys which is single layer.

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12
Q

What does the glandular epithelial tissue do?

A

Produces and secretes important substances. ie glands include sweat, mammary, salivary and endocrine glands (hormone producing pituitary and thyroid).

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13
Q

What are the different layers of tissue?

A

Simple, stratified, squamous, cuboidal and columnar.

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of simple squamous?

A

Single layered flat, scale like cells which adapt to diffusion, osmosis and filtration ie lines air sacs of lungs.

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified squamous?

A

Layers of squamous cells for wear and tear. Areas subject to abuse ie lining mouth, vagina, skin, nails.

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of cuboidal?

A

Used for secretion and absorption ie surface of ovaries, kidneys, lining of smaller ducts (thyroid).

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified cuboidal?

A

Layers of cubed shaped cells providing protection ie adult sweat glands, pharynx, epiglottis, ducts.

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18
Q

What are the characteristics of simple columnar?

A

Protects underlying tissue ie gastro intestinal tract, gall bladder, excretory ducts of organs.

19
Q

What does ciliated mean and what does it do?

A

Ciliated means it has tiny hair like strands that help move things along ie propels mucous up and out of respiratory tract

20
Q

What are the characteristics of stratified columnar?

A

Part of female urethra, small ducts of some glands and also mucous membranes.

21
Q

What are the characteristics of Psuedostratified columnar?

A

Single layer however all cells different lengths ie large excretory ducts of some glands, epididymis, parts of male urethra and eustachian tubes.

22
Q

What are the characteristics of transitional cells?

A

similar to stratified squamous (non keratinised) and is very flexible preventing rupture of organs ie bladder

23
Q

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

A

Fibrous, can be soft and rubbery or hard and rigid, matrix determines tissue quality (loose or dense), can be fatty tissue, fascia, tendons, ligaments, cartilage bone, vascular (blood)

24
Q

What physical properties can connective tissue be catagorised in?

A

Circulating, generalised and structural.

25
Q

What are the functions of Connective tissue? Provide examples

A

Protection (skeleton), Support (ligaments), Binds organs together, Separates structures (fascia) and Storage or reserve tissue (adipose, fat)

26
Q

What are the 7 types of connective tissue?

A

Loose, Dense, Elastic, Reticular, Cartilage, Bone, Blood

27
Q

What are the 2 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar and Adipose

28
Q

What are the characteristics of areolar loose connective tissue?

A

Soft and pliable cushioning and protecting organs. Is somewhat elastic. Its functions include connect tissue, provide support (fascia, beneath skin and around muscles and organs), provides reservoir of water and salts.

29
Q

What are the characteristics of adipose loose connective tissue?

A

Contains fat. Function is fat storage of energy reserves, cushion between organs and body structures (subcutaneous layer below skin)

30
Q

What are the characteristics of Dense connective tissue?

A

Tighter packed cells, has collagen fibres, found in fascia, dermis, membranes around organs, periosteum of bone, tendons and ligaments

31
Q

What are the characteristics of elastic connective tissue?

A

Maintains shape of organ ie lungs, artery wall, trachea, bronchiol tubes

32
Q

What are the characteristics of reticular connective tissue?

A

Forms stroma (framework) of liver, spleen, lymph nodes

33
Q

What are the characteristics of cartilage connective tissue?

A

Flexible and acts as shock absorber in joints ie outer ear, nose, between joint surface and anterior medial ribs

34
Q

What are the characteristics of bone connective tissue?

A

Rigid strength, cells surrounded with large stores of inorganic salts (calcium, phosphate)

35
Q

What are the characteristics of blood (liquid) connective tissue?

A

Intercellular substances in plasma, fibres only when blood clotted.

36
Q

What is the role of muscle tissue?

A

To produce movement through contraction and relaxation

37
Q

What are the types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac

38
Q

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

Is voluntary or striated. Contract or relax consciously

39
Q

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle tissue?

A

Are visceral or non-striated. Move materials through body. Movement is involuntary and controlled by nervous system

40
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue?

A

Striated but involuntary. Has intercalated discs and branching cell that make unique. Discs allow ions to pass freely giving rapid conduction of electrical pulse. Involuntary control, has a constant contract and relax mechanism

41
Q

What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?

A

Highly organised, have specialised conducting cells called nuerons (axon, body and dendrite).

42
Q

What are the functions of nervous tissue?

A

Control and coordinate activities of the body

43
Q

What are the characteristics of nuerons?

A

Have irritability and conductivity. Receive and conduct electrical impulses from 1 part to another. Unique structure (cytoplasm is long extensions allowing single nueron to impulse over long distances).

44
Q

What do nuerons make up?

A

Nervous system, brain , spinal cord and nerves

Anatomy and Physiology (18 decks)

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