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A&P > Tissues! > Flashcards

Tissues! Flashcards

1
Q

Function of epithelial tissue

A

Physical protection
Control permeability
Sensation
Produce specialized secretions

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2
Q

Function of connective tissues

A

Fills internal spaces
Supports other tissues
Transports materials
Stores energy

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3
Q

Function of muscle tissue

A

Contraction

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4
Q

Function of neural tissue

A

Carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another

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5
Q

Characteristics of epithelia

A 
Cell junctions 
Polarity
Attachment( basement membrane or basal lamina) 
Avascularity 
Regeneration
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6
Q

Apical surfaces
Microvilla
Cilia

A

Increase absorption or secretion

Move fluid

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7
Q

Tight junctions

A

Very strong between two plasma membranes. Prevents passage of water and solutes

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8
Q

Gap junctions

A

Holes between neighbor cells
Allows rapid communication
Allows ions to pass

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9
Q

Spot desmosomes

Hemidesmosomes

A

Tie cells together and allow bending and twisting

Attach cells to basement membrane

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10
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion
Mesothelium lines body cavities
Endothelium lines heart and blood vessels

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11
Q

Stratified squamous epithelia

A

Protects against attack

Keratin protein adds strength and water resistance

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12
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelia

A

Secretion and absorption

Found in kidneys and kidney tubules

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13
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Allow stretching and recoiling

Found in urinary bladder

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14
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Absorption and secretion

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15
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Has cilia movement and every cell is attached to basal membrane

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16
Q

Glandular epithelia

A

Endocrine- no ducts, releases hormones into circulation

Exocrine- produces secretion into environment through ducts

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17
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

Cell remained undisturbed

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18
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

Top of cell is released with secretion

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19
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

While cell is destroyed

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20
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A 
Structural framework for body 
Transport fluids and dissolved material 
Protection of organs 
Support of other tissues
Storing energy reserves 
Defending body from invading organisms
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21
Q

3 characteristics of connective tissue

A

Specialized cells
Solid extra cellular protein fibers
Fluid extra cellular ground substance

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22
Q

Classification of connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper- connnect and protect
Fluid connective tissue- transport
Supporting connective tissue- structural strength

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23
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Are the main cells that make up connective tissue proper

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24
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells that are connective tissue

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25
Q

Connective tissue fibers

A

Collagen- strongest
Reticular- framework
Elastic- stretch and fold back

26
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Long straight and unbranched

Ex. Tendons and ligaments

27
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Resist force, stabilize cells and structures

Ex. Sheaths around organs

28
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Bubble wrap of body
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

29
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Type of dense regular connective tissue that attach in sheets to large flat muscles

30
Q

Fluid connective tissue

A

Blood and lymph.

Contains plasma interstitial fluid and lymph

31
Q

Lymph

A

Contains immune cells called lymphocytes.

Function is protection

32
Q

Fluid tissue transport systems

A

Cardiovascular system- 02 +nutrients

Lymphatic system- protection

33
Q

Cartilage

A

Type of supporting connective tissue
Function is shock absorption and protection
Gel type ground substance with random lacunae
Avascular

34
Q

Bone

A

Type of supporting connective tissue
Calcified with central organized lacunae
Function is weight support

35
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cartilage cells surrounded by lacunae

36
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

37
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Covers bones

Found in synovial joints

38
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Supportive but bends easily

Found in external ear and epiglottis

39
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Limits movement

Found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs

40
Q

Osteocytes

A

Bone cells in lacunae

41
Q

Periosteum

A

Covers bone surface and contains nerve ending and osteoblasts(cells that can divide)

42
Q

Types of membranes

A

Mucous
Serous
Cutaneous
Synovial

43
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Line passageways that have external connection
Reduce friction and facilitate absorption and excretion
Found in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.

44
Q

Serous membranes

A

Have visceral portion(serosa) covering organs

Function is to reduce friction

45
Q

Three types of serous membranes

A

Plura- covers lungs
Peritoneum- covers abdominal organs
Pericardium- covers heart

46
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

Stratified squamous epithelium(skin)

Function protection and sensation

47
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Line moving joint cavities

Produce synovial fluid and protect ends of bones

48
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue
Smooth muscle tissue

49
Q

Skeletal muscles cells

A

Fibers containing many nuclei

Non-dividing

50
Q

Cardiac muscle cells

A

Called cardiocytes

Form branching networks connected at intercalated discs connected by tight and gap junctions

51
Q

Smooth muscle cells

A

No striations found in walls of hollow organs

52
Q

Functions of neural tissue

A

Conduct electrical impulses- stimuli
Sense internal or external environment
Process info and control responses
Found in brain and spinal cord

53
Q

Types of neural cells

A

Neurons

Neurolgia

54
Q

Function of neurons

A

Perform electrical communication

55
Q

Function of neurolgia

A

Support, repair, and supply nutrients to neurons, perform phagocytosis, regulate composition of interstitial fluid around neurons

56
Q

Cell parts of a neuron

A

Body
Dendrites- short
Axon- Long

57
Q

6 types of neurolgia

A 
Microglia
Astrocytes
Epindemial cells 
Olygodendrocytes
Schwann cells 
Saltelite cells
58
Q

Microglia

A

Inside brain

Function is phagocytosis

59
Q

Astrocytes

A

Inside brain

Function is blood brain barrier

60
Q

Epindermial cells

A

Inside the brain

Found in brain ventricles

61
Q

Olygodendrocytes

A

Found inside the brain

Wrapping axons inside brain

62
Q

Schwann cells

A

Outside brain

Wrapping of axons outside of brain

A&P (17 decks)

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