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A&P > Chapt 3 Cells > Flashcards

Chapt 3 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Ribsomes

A

Non membranous organelle, made up of RNA, function protein synthesis

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2
Q

Proteasomes

A

Non membranous organelle, function breakdown and recycling of damaged or misshapen proteins

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3
Q

ER

A

Membranous organelle
RER, ribosomes attached, makes proteins
SER, tubes, makes lipids and carbohydrates

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4
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Membranous organelle

ER passes protein molecules in transport vesicles to Golgi apparatus for processing and packaging for export

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5
Q

In exocytosis what vesicles pinches off and moves to plasma membrane

A

Secretory vesicles

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6
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membranous organelle

Breaks down worn out proteins, known as the garbage disposal

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7
Q

Mitochondria

A

Membranous organelle
(2 membranes)
Extract energy from food molecules and uses it to make energy

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8
Q

During electronic transport system, cellular respiration produces 36 molecules of ATP..

A

34 from rest of pathway

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls activities of cell
I.e. Gene action and cell division
2 membranes

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10
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Contains nuclear matrix, RNA, DNA

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11
Q

DNA

A

Relaxed when not dividing, while dividing could tighten up and appear rod like
Consists of 46 chromosomes (23 pair)

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12
Q

Passive transport mechanisms

A

Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

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13
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules that Move from high to low concentration and stops when evenly dispersed

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14
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of h20 through a selectively permeable membrane from high concentration to low to create equal molecules to both parts

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15
Q

Facilitated diffusion-channel mediated passive transport

A

Gated channels which are specific which are triggered by voltage, mechanical stimuli, chemical stimuli, light.

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16
Q

Facilitated diffusion- carrier mediated passive transport

A

Specific, binding changes shape of carrier

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17
Q

Active transport process

A

ATP driving force, uses transport pumps and vesicles moves from low to high concentration and only works with energy

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18
Q

Secondary active transport

A

1) facilitated diffusion

2) active transport w ATP

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19
Q

Transport by vesicles

A

Allows bulk transport movement of material

20
Q

Explain endocytosis

A

Plasma membrane traps extra cellular material and brings it into cell

21
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cell eating

22
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

More selective gets triggered by signal to cell

23
Q

2 basic forms of receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

-Fuse with lysosomes and digest cell or fluid

24
Q

Exocytosis

A

Reverse of endocytosis,, vesicles formed within cell fuses with plasma membrane and released from the cell

25
Q

Mitosis

A

Division of cells

26
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Separated the cytoplasm to produce two daughters cells

27
Q

The 2 major events in cell division

A

Mitosis and cytokinesis

28
Q

Stages of the cell life cycle

A

G0, G1, S, G2, M

29
Q

Mitosis occurs in what phase

A

M phase

30
Q

Stage 1 of mitosis

A

early prophase 1a, late prophase 1b

31
Q

Stage 2 of mitosis

A

Metaphase

32
Q

Stage 3 mitosis

A

Anaphase

33
Q

Stage 4 mitosis

A

Telophase

34
Q

How are chromosomes divided

A

Chromosomes migrate to middle and spindle fibers drag sister chromatids to each side of cell

35
Q

What takes place in early prophase

Late prophase

A

Spindle fibers extend between centriole pair

Chromatids attach spindle fibers

36
Q

What takes place In metaphase

A

Chromatids create metaphase plate in the center

37
Q

What takes place in anaphase

A

Daughter chromosomes are pulled towards opposite ends

38
Q

What takes place in telophase

A

Cells begin to return to interphase and a cleavage furrow forms

39
Q

What’s the metaphase plate

A

Chromosomal line up in the middle of cell xxxxx

40
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, end of division

41
Q

Stage before actual mitosis begins

A

Interphase, cell growth

42
Q

Interphase has what stages

A

G1, S, G2

43
Q

What happens in G1

A

Protein synthesis and produce organelles

44
Q

What happens in S

A

DNA replication

45
Q

G2

A

Making proteins for mitosis

46
Q

Glycolysis

A

Glucose goes through glycolysis and comes out pyruvate in process you produce two molecules of ATP

A&P (17 decks)

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