Tissues Flashcards
Principle tissue types
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Epithelial tissue is found where and function
Lines inside organs and funtction is secretion, excretion, absorption
Connective tissue found where and functions
Found in bone and cartilage and functions supports body and parts and has protection functions i.e. Blood
Muscle tissue is found where and functions
In the muscles, built to shorten, causing movement or contraction
Nervous tissue
Most complex, communication and integration, controls everything else
2 types of epithelial tissues
Membranous and glandular
Membranous epithelial
Covers body surfaces, lines cavities, tracts, vessels
Glandular epithelial
Clumps or cords
Secretory units of endocrine and Exocrine glands
Generalizations on epithelial
- limited amount of matrix
- membranous attached to basement membrane
- avascular
- capable of reproduction
- tend to be polar
Main functions of epithelial
Protection, control permeability, sensation, secretion
Cilia (epithelial)
Found in respiratory, moves material out of lungs, and reproductive, moves egg towards uterus
Microvilli
Increase surface area of cells that secret or absorb a lot
Types of cell connections
- Demosomes: like a band of Velcro
- Hemidesomes: attaches epithelial to basement
- Gap junctions: channels of embedded proteins
- Tight junctions: found in top of membranes, in the space between cells can be blocked
How does epithelia repair
Stem cells
Simple epithelium
A single layer of tissue
Stratified epithelium
Multiple layers
Simple squamous epithelium, and where is it found
One layer, things can diffuse through tissue.
Found in sacs of lungs, blood vessels, lymphatic
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
For protection and found in places that are prone to friction or damage
Non keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium and where is it found
For protection, lines vagina, mouth, esophagus
Simple Cuboidal epithelia, where is it found
One layer of cuboidal cells, found in ducts that connect glands to surface
Stratified cuboidal epithelium and where is it found
Two or more rows of cells and found in sweat glands and pharynx
Where is transitional epithelium found
Lines organs subject to stress and that need to stretch i.e. Urethra and urinary bladder
Often 10 or more layers thick
Simple columnar epithelia
Single columnar layer, found in stomach, large and sm intestine cells often modified per function Goblet cells (secretion) Cilia (movement) Microvilli (absorbtion)
Pseudostratified columnar found
Lines air passages and segments of male reproductive system
Stratified columnar epithelium
Very rare found in urethra and near anus
Glandular epithelium
Specialized for secretion
Exocrine glands- onto body surface like perspire on skin or saliva
Endocrine glands- into blood or interstitial fluid
3 classifications of exocrine glands
Merocrine
Aprocrine
Holocrine
Define merocrine glands
Secrete through cell membrane (exocytosis)
Most numerous gland type
Define apocrine glands
Uses part of cell for secretion, mammary glands
Holocrine glands
Secretion products cause cell death, sebaceous glands
Connective tissue characteristics
Most widespread and has extra cellular matrix made up of fibers, few cells and are vascular
General functions of connective tissue
- connect muscles, bones
- transport blood and lymphatic systems
- protect delicate organs
- support framework
- storage of fat/energy
3 types of connective tissue
- Connective tissue proper (fiberous)
- Fluid connective tissues
- Supporting connective tissues
cells found in connective tissue proper
Fibroblasts Adipose Macrophages Mast cells Lymphocytes Melanocytes
Connective tissue fibers
Collagen-strength
Reticular-gives framework
Elastic-allows stretch
Loose connective tissue
Helps connect different tissues and acts like glue, stretchable
Found around organs for protection
Reticular tissue where is it found and function
Bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and mesh work filters things out
3 types of Dense connective tissue
- Dense Regular fibrous connective tissue-fiber bundles parallel i.e. Knee ligament
- dense irregular fibrous connective tissue-fibers intertwine like a mat i.e. Around Kidney
- elastic tissue-elastic fibers-between vertebrae in spine
Types of fluid connective tissue
Blood and lymph
Blood connective tissue formed elements
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Blood connective tissue functions
Transport
Regulation of body temp
Regulation of pH
Lymph
Contains no blood cells
Types of supporting connective tissues
Cartilage and bone
Cartilage function
Shock absorption
Protects ends of bone
Growth of long bone
Three types of cartilage
- Hyaline- most common found in ribs, sternum and tip of nose
- elastic- flexible returns to shape found in external ear
- fibrocartilage- strongest found in pelvic bones
Three types of muscle
Tissue
Skeletal, cardiac,smooth
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary, striated, multiple nuclei and found in arms and legs
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary, striated, one nucleus and found in heart
Smooth muscle
Involuntary, smooth, one nucleus and found in digestive organs and bladder
Nervous tissue function
And where found
Rapid regulation and integration of body activities found in brain, spinal cord, nerves
Cell types of nervous tissue
Neuron and neuroglia
Dendrites
Carry info towards cell body
Axon
Carry away from cell
Body
