Intro Flashcards
What’s the definition of anatomy
The study of internal and external body structures and their physical relationships among body parts
What’s the definition of gross anatomy
Examining relatively large structures (can involve the study of dissection of a cadaver)
What the definition of physiology
Study of how living organisms perform their functions
Explain chemical leval
Chemicals such as Ph,, affects all other levels if disrupted
Explain cellular level
Cells, are alive
Can control, reproduce, metabolize and send signals
Explain tissue levels
What are they
Groups of cells working towards a common function
1) Epithelial tissue
2) connective tissue
3) muscle tissue
4) nervous tissue
Explain organ level
Group of tissues functioning for common purpose/function
Explain system level
Group of organs working together for common function
Explain organism level
Group of systems working together i.e. A person
Explain auto regulation aka intrinsic control
Controls itself without input from other organs i.e. Kidneys or heart muscle
Explain extrinsic control
Systems that affect other organs or systems and doesn’t regulate itself only i.e. Nervous or hormonal regulation
Explain homeostasis
RELATIVELY constant state maintained by body, possibility of change, we need a control system i.e. Temp, ph, blood glucose
What are 4 basic components of control system
1) sensor mechanism (sends to control)
2) control or integrating center (process info and makes decision on what action needs to be taken)
3) effector mechanism (takes action)
4) feedback (continues monitoring actions)
Explain afferent signals
Signals traveling away from peripheral to center
Explain efferent signals
Traveling away from center to peripheral
Explain negative feedback loop
Systems controlled by inhibition, a way of counteracting change, stabilize physiological variables
i.e. Temp to high or low, signals from hypothalamus inhibits body actions that raise temp or inhibits systems to release heat
Explain positive feed back systems
Systems controlled by stimulation, inherently unstable
i.e. Clotting, sneezing, childbirth, immune response
Explain feed forward control
Systems that plan ahead
i.e. Stomach and intestines produce digestive enzymes
- works better if enzymes are released before food arrives
Explain Equilibrium
Balance between opposing factors i.e. Blood sugar
Anatomical postition
Standing facing you
Arms at side
Palms forward
Feet slightly apart facing forward
Explain comparative
One point compared to another point
Explain superior
Towards head, higher than, upper above
Explain inferior
Lower than, towards feet, below
Explain anterior
Front of
Explain posterior
Behind, in back of
Explain medial
Towards midline
Explain lateral
Away from midline
Explain proximal
Near point of attachment to body
i.e. Bicep is proximal to wrist
Explain distal
Away from point of attachment to body
i.e. Right wrist is distal to bicept
Explain superficial
Closer to surface
Explain deep
Farther from surface
Explain ipsilateral
On same side of midline
i.e. Right arm and right leg are ipsilateral
Explain contralateral
Opposite side of midline
i.e. Right arm and left leg are contralateral
What are 3 Major body planes
1) Sagittal plane (divides body into left and right sections)
2) coronal plane/ frontal plane (divides body into front and back sections)
3) transverse plane (divides body into upper and lower portions)
What are 2 major body cavities
1) ventral, contains thoracic, abdominopelvic cavities. Larger of the two
2) thoracic cavity containing pleural cavities (above diaphragm)
Explain mediastinum
Between pleural cavities, space between lung
What’s in Abdominopelvic cavity
Upper portion of abdominal cavity, liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines, spleen, kidneys, ureters
What’s in lower portion of pelvic cavity
Bladder, some reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, rectum
What’s in dorsal cavity
House of spinal cord
What’s in cranial cavity
House of brain
What’s parietal cavity
Part of membrane of cavity wall
What’s visceral pleura
Part of membrane of organ, inner membrane layer surrounding lung
