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A&P > Neural Tissue > Flashcards

Neural Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

Basic functional unit of nervous system
Non dividing
Fx communication, info processing, and control functions of nervous system

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2
Q

Neurolgia

A

Supporting neurons

Repair and supply nutrients

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3
Q

Central nervous system

A

Inside dorsal cavity
Spinal cord and brain
Fx bring sensory info in

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4
Q

Periphereral nervous system

A

Neural tissues outside of CNS

Carries motor commands to peripheral tissues

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5
Q

Afferent division of PNS

A

Carries sensory info from PNS sensory receptors to CNS

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6
Q

Efferent division of PNS

A

Carries motor commands from CNS to PNS muscles and glands

Think reaction

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7
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls skeletal muscle contractions and joints

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8
Q

Structure of a neuron

A

Cell body
Short branched dendrites
Long single axon

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Internal communication

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10
Q

Axon hillocks

A

Where axon starts

Thick section of cell body where axon attaches

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11
Q

Axon terminal

A

Play a role in communication with other cells and touch the post synaptic cell

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12
Q

Structural classification of neurons

A

Anaxonic neurons
Bipolar neurons
Unipolar neurons
Multipolar neurons

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13
Q

Anaxonic neurons are located

A

In brain and sense organs

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14
Q

Bipolar neurons are located

A

Special sensory organs

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15
Q

Unipolar neurons are found

A

Sensory neurons of PNS

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16
Q

Multipolar neurons are found

A

Skeletal muscle neurons

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17
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Monitor position and movement skeletal muscle and joints

This is a type of sensory receptor

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18
Q

Somatic sensory neurons

A

Monitor the outside world and our position within it

CNS to skeletal muscle

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19
Q

Visceral sensory neurons

A

Monitor internal conditions and the status of other organ systems

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20
Q

Types of neurolgia of CNS

A

Ependymal cells
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia

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21
Q

Ependymal cells

A

In brain ventricles

Secrete Cerebrospinal fluid

22
Q

Astrocytes

A

Part of blood brain barrier

23
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Make myelin

24
Q

Microglia

A

Defense by engulfing cellular debris, waste products, pathogens

25
Q

Neurolgia of the PNS

A

Satellite cells

Schwann cells

26
Q

Ganglia

A

Masses of neuron cell bodies outside of CNS

27
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

Axon distal to injury separates from cell body and Schwann cells form a path for new growth

28
Q

Depolarization

A

Sodium enters cell causing membrane potential to be more positive

29
Q

Repolarization

A

Restoring normal resting potential

30
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Gated potassium channels open and potassium leaves the cell causing the inside of the cell to become more negative

31
Q

Graded potentials

A

Local potentials proportional to size of stimuli
Na and k channels
Depolarization, repolarization, and hyper polarization

32
Q

Action potential

A

Changes in the membrane potential that affect entire excitable membrane

33
Q

Threshold

A

When membrane is depolarizer to initiate action potential

34
Q

Electrical synapse

A

Direct physical contact between cells

35
Q

Chemical synapses

A

Involves neurotransmitter

36
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Cause depolarization and promote generation of action potential

37
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Cause hyper polarization and suppress generation of action potential

38
Q

Cholinergic synapses

A

Release acetylcholine

39
Q

Four main parts of neurons

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Telendria— terminal branches

40
Q

Schwann cells

A

PNS

Form myelin sheaths on axons

41
Q

Satellite cells

A

PNS

Surround cell body and regulate environment

42
Q

Leak channels

A

Found in plasma membrane of neuron

Resting potential

43
Q

Chemical gated channels

A

Cell body and dendrites

Chemical synapse

44
Q

Voltage gated channels

A

Axon hillock and axon

Action potential

45
Q

Stimulus gated channel

A

Dendrites of sensory neurons

Action potential

46
Q

All or nothing

A

Stimulus that triggers action potential has to reach threshold. If it does action potential is generate. If it doesn’t reach threshold action potential is not generated.
This is possible in excitable membranes

47
Q

Gray matter

A

Contains neurons, cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

48
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons

49
Q

Relative refractory period

A

The membrane can only respond to larger than normal stimuli because of hyper polarization.

50
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

Can’t respond to any stimuli. Sodium channels are open and sodium is moving into cell.

51
Q

Continuous propagation

A

Action potential spreads by depolarization in a series of steps in un myelinated axons.
Takes longer due to more axon to cover and travel down

52
Q

Salatory propagation

A

Action potential has to jump from node to node in myelinated axons. It’s much faster

A&P (17 decks)

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