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A&P > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of blood vessels

A

Arteries- carry blood away from heart
Veins- carry blood to heart
Capillaries- site of exchange between blood and tissue

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2
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Carries blood to and from the body

Right atrium and left ventricle

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3
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Carries blood to and from the lungs

Right ventricle and left atrium

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4
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

Divide atria and ventricles

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5
Q

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus

A

Separate left and right ventricles

And contain blood vessels of cardiac muscle

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6
Q

Layers of heart

A

Epicardium—outer visceral pericardium
Myocardium— muscle wall cardiac muscle tissue
Endocardium- simple squamous epithelium

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7
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle cells

A

Small size
Single central nucleus
Branching connections between cells
Intercalated discs

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8
Q

Foramen ovale

A

Before birth is an opening through interatrial septum
Connects two atria
Seals off at birth forming fossa ovalis

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9
Q

The right atrium receives blood via

A

Superior vena cava— head, neck, upper limbs, and chest
Inferior vena cava—trunk, lower limbs and viscera
Coronary sinus—cardiac veins return blood to coronary sinus and it opens into right atrium

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10
Q

The right atrium has what type of muscles

A

Pectinate muscles that are muscle ridges on anterior atrial wall and inner surface of right auricle

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11
Q

Chordate tendineae attaches to papillary muscles of right ventricle

A

This prevents backflow

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12
Q

Right artioventricular AV valve

A

Tricuspid valve— opens from right atrium to right ventricle
3 cusps
Prevents backflow during systole(contraction)

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13
Q

Pulmonary trunk divides into?

And has what type of valve

A

Left and right pulmonary arteries

Has pulmonary valve (semilunar valve)

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14
Q

The left atrium receives blood from?

What valve does it pass through?

A

Right and left pulmonary veins

Passes through bicuspid valve

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15
Q

Blood leaves left ventricle through?

A

Ascending Aorta , that turns into aortic arch and turns into descending aorta

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16
Q

Blood supply to heart

A

Coronary circulation
Blood to muscle tissue of heart
Coronary arteries and cardiac veins

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17
Q

Right coronary artery

A

Supplies blood to right atrium and both ventricles

Marginal arteries and posterior interventricular artery

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18
Q

Two main branches of left coronary artery

A

Circumflex artery

Anterior interventricular artery

19
Q

Arterial anastomoses

A

Connect posterior and anterior interventricular arteries

So that 02 and blood get to cardiac muscle

20
Q

Cardiac veins

A

Great cardiac vein

Anterior and posterior cardiac veins

21
Q

Coronary ischemia

A

Reduced circulatory of O2 from complete or partial blockage of coronary arteries

22
Q

The cardiac cycle begins

A

With electrical stimuli at SA node in right atrium transmitted through conducting system

23
Q

What is the conducting system and how does it contract?

A

A system of specialized cardiac muscle cells that initiate and distribute the electrical impulses stimulating contraction
They contract automatically due to pacemaker cells

24
Q

Structures of conducting system

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node
Atrioventricular (AV) node
Conducting cells- throughout myocardium

25
Q

P wave

A

Atria depolarize

26
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricle depolarization

27
Q

T wave

A

Ventricle repolarization

28
Q

Absolute refractory period

A

Long, cardiac muscles can’t responds because calcium is going into cell

29
Q

Relative refractory period

A

Short and cell can respond to stimuli

30
Q

The cardiac cycle

A

Period between the start of one heart beat and the beginning of the next
Includes contraction and relaxation

31
Q

End-diastolic volume

EDV

A

Largest amount of blood volume in chamber.

Atrial systole ends

32
Q

Stroke volume

SV

A

The amount of blood ejected by ventricle into blood vessels

EDV-ESV=SV

33
Q

End-systolic volume

ESV

A

Smallest volume of blood in chamber

Because of ventricle systole

34
Q

S1 sounds

A

Heard when tricuspid and bicuspid valves close

35
Q

S2 sounds

A

Heard when aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close

36
Q

Factors that affect cardiac output

A

Heart rate and stroke volume

37
Q

Factors the affect your heart rate

A

Hormones and autonomic nervous system

38
Q

Factors that affect your SV

A

EDV and ESV

39
Q

Cardioacceleratory center

A

Sympathetic neurons control this. Increases heart rate

40
Q

Cardioinhibitory center

A

Parasympathetic control. Slows heart rate

41
Q

Atrial reflex

A

Bainbridge reflex
Adjust heart rate in response to venous return
When stretch reaches a certain level atria will contract

42
Q

Preload

A

The degree of stretching during ventricle diastole

Directly proportional to EDV

43
Q

Frank starling principle

A

As EDV increases, SV increases

A&P (17 decks)

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