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A&P > Spinal Nerves And Reflexes > Flashcards

Spinal Nerves And Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal reflexes

A

They are subconscious

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2
Q

Spinal cord is divided into

A

Posterior median sulcus

Anterior median fissure

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3
Q 
How many cervical nerves 
Thoracic nerves 
Lumbar nerves 
Sacral nerves 
Coccygeal nerves
A 
Cervical 8 
Thoracic 12 
Lumbar 5 
Sacral 5 
Coccygeal 1-2
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4
Q

Dorsal roots

A

Are posterior and are always sensory

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5
Q

Ventral roots

A

Are anterior and are motor and control somatic and visceral effectors

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6
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Mixed nerves sensory and motor

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7
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough outer layer of spinal cord

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8
Q

Three spinal meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Protect spinal cord and carry blood supply

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9
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer

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10
Q

Subdural space

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

Between dura and arachnoid

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11
Q

Pia mater

A

Inner most layer

Soft and connected to neural tissue

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12
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

Keeps spinal cord in place

Extends from pia to dura so there is no side to side movement

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13
Q

Organization of gray mater

A

Posterior gray horns
Anterior gray horns
Lateral gray horns

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14
Q

Posterior gray horns

A

Somatic and visceral sensory nuclei

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15
Q

Anterior gray horn

A

Contain somatic motor nuclei

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16
Q

Lateral gray horn

A

Interneuron communication

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17
Q

Gray commissures

A

Connect right and left side of gray matter

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18
Q

Organization of white matter

A

Posterior white columns
Anterior white columns
Lateral white columns

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19
Q

Tracts or fasciculi

A

Bundles of axons relaying info in white matter

20
Q

Ascending tracts

A

Carry sensory afferent info to brain

Go through the dorsal root

21
Q

Descending tracts

A

Carry motor commands to spinal cord

Go through central root

22
Q

Three tissue layers of spinal nerves

A

Epineurium outer layer collagen fibers
Perineurium middle divides nerves into axon bundles
Endoneurium inner surrounds individual axons

23
Q

White ramus

A

Carries visceral motor fibers to sympathetic ganglion

24
Q

Gray ramus

A

Returns sympathetic ganglion to rejoin spinal nerve

25
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

Somatic and visceral to the back

26
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Goes to the front

27
Q

Dermatomes

A

Sections of skin supplied by certain spinal nerve

28
Q

Four types of nerve plexuses of ventral rami

A

Cervical plexus
Brachial plexus
Lumbar plexus
Sacral plexus

29
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Controls diaphragm and includes c1- c5

Cervical plexus

30
Q

Major nerves of brachial plexus

A 
Musculocutaneous nerve 
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve 
Axillary nerve 
Radical nerve
31
Q

Lumbar plexus major nerves

A

Genitofemoral nerve
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Femoral nerve

32
Q

Sacral plexus major nerves

A

Pudendal nerve

Sciatic nerve

33
Q

Organization of neurons

A

Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
Interneurons

34
Q

Neuronal pools

A

Functional groups of interconnected neurons

35
Q

Five patterns of neuronal pools

A 
Divergence 
Convergence
Serial processing 
Parallel processing 
Reverberation
36
Q

Reflex arc

A

Begins at receptor and ends at peripheral effector

37
Q

5 steps of neural reflex

A 
Arrival of stimulus, activation of receptor 
activation of sensory neuron 
Info process by postsynaptic ganglion 
Activation of motor neuron 
Response of peripheral effector
38
Q

Monosynaptic reflex

A

Sensory neuron synapse directly on motor neuron

39
Q

Polysynaptic reflex

A

At least one interneuron is between sensory and motor neuron

40
Q

Stretch reflex

A

Triggered by elongation of tendon

Ex: patellar reflex

41
Q

Intrafusal muscle fibers

A

Receptors that sense the stretch

In a stretch reflex

42
Q

3 characteristics of polysynaptic reflexes

A

Involve reciprocal inhibition
Involve pools of neurons
Several reflexes cooperate

43
Q

Reciprocal inhibition

A

Motor neurons are stimulated, the neurons that control the opposing muscle are inhibited. This allows one muscle to flex and opposing to relax

44
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A

Located between skeletal muscle tendon. Dendrites branch and wrap around tendon. Stimulated by tension in tendon. Monitor external tension, when stimulated during contraction it will cause muscle to relax

45
Q

Autonomic reflexes

A

Involuntary superficial skin and mucous membranes

Stretch or deep tendon reflexes

46
Q

Visceral reflexes

A

Control systems other than muscular system

Smooth, cardiac, glands, adipose tissue

A&P (17 decks)

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