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A&P > Muscle Tissues > Flashcards

Muscle Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

3 layers of muscle connective tissue

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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2
Q

Epimysium

A

On top
Exterior collagen layer
Connected to deep facia
Separates muscle from surrounding tissue

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3
Q

Perimysium

A

Inside the muscle it’s self

Surrounds muscle fibers and contains blood vessel and nerve

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4
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds individual cell

Contains capillaries and nerve fibers and myosatellite cells

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5
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

Very long
Many nuclei
Striated

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6
Q

Sacrolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle fiber that surrounds sacroplasm

It has transmembrane potential

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7
Q

Transverse tubules

T tubules

A

Action potentials travel through them to trigger muscle contraction

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8
Q

Myofibrils

A

Made up of myofilaments that are responsible for skeletal muscle contraction

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9
Q

Thin filaments

A

Made up of actin

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10
Q

Thick filaments

A

Made up of myosin

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11
Q

Sarcomeres

A

Smallest functional unit of muscle fiber

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12
Q

Triad

A

T tubules and SR form this

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13
Q

A band of sarcomere

A

Myosin— thick filament

Dark in color

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14
Q

I band of sarcomere

A

Actin thin filament

Light in color

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15
Q

Thin filament contains G actin

A

This molecule contains active site where myosin can bind

During resting tropomysin covers the sites

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16
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Attaches the actin and there can be no contraction

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17
Q

Troponin

A

Gets tropomyosin off of actin

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18
Q

Cross bridges

A

During contraction myosin heads pull actin

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19
Q

Depolarization

A

Influx of sodium ions— the membrane potential becomes LESS negative

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20
Q

Hyper polarization

A

The movement of potassium ions out of the cell—- the membrane potential becomes MORE negative

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21
Q

Action potential

A

Only travels one way

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22
Q

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ)

A

Communication between neurons and muscle fiber

Made up of axon terminal, motor end plate and synaptic cleft

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23
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter that changes the permeability of plasma membrane

24
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscle tension exceeds the load and muscle shortens

25
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

The peak tension developed is less than the load. The muscle elongates due to the contraction of another muscle or the pull of gravity

26
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle doesn’t change length and the tension produced never exceeds the load

27
Q

Fascicles

A

Muscle fibers organized in bundles

28
Q

Tendon

A

Connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

29
Q

Four patterns of fascicle organization

A

Parallel
Convergent
Pennate
Circular

30
Q

Parallel muscles

A

Fibers are parallel to the long axis of muscle

Ex biceps brachii

31
Q

Convergent muscles

A

A broad area converges in attachment site

Ex pectoralis major or minor

32
Q

Pennate muscles

A

Form an angle with tendon and do not move as far as parallel muscles

33
Q

Unipennate

A

Fibers on one side of the tendon

Ex extensor digitorum

34
Q

Bipennate

A

Fibers on both sides of the tendon

Ex rectus femoris

35
Q

Multipennate

A

Tendon branches within muscle

Ex deltoid

36
Q

Circular muscles

A

Sphincters
Open as close to guard entrances of body
Ex orbicularis oris

37
Q

Origin

A

The fixed end of the muscle that attaches to bone, cartilage, or connective tissue

38
Q

Insertion

A

The site where the moveable end attaches to another structure

39
Q

Muscles involved in chewing

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Pterygoid

40
Q

Muscle that does flextion

A

Biceps brachii

41
Q

Muscle that does extension

A

Triceps brachii

42
Q

Muscle that does pronation

A

Pronator quadratus

43
Q

Muscle that does supination

A

Supinator

44
Q

Muscle that does abduction

A

Supraspinatus

45
Q

Muscle that does adduction

A

Pectoralis major

46
Q

Steps of muscle contraction

A 
Active site exposure 
Cross bridge attachment 
Pivoting 
Cross bridge detachment 
Myosin activation
47
Q

Incomplete tetanus

A

Muscle produces peak tension soon during rapid contraction and relaxation

48
Q

Complete tetanus

A

All motor units in muscle contraction

49
Q

Treppe

A

Muscle is stimulated a second time before relaxation phase has ended

50
Q

Elevation of pelvic girdle

A

Iliopsoas

51
Q

Elevation of scapula

A

Levator scapulae

52
Q

Flextion of semi supinated forearm

A

Brachioradalis

53
Q

Medial rotation of humerus

A

Lattissimus Dorsi

54
Q

Lateral rotation of thigh

A

Quadratus femoris

55
Q

Extension of neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid

A&P (17 decks)

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