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A&P > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

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2
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

covers and forms body surfaces/body cavities and forms glands

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4
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Connects and supports body organs, binds organs together, stores energy as fat, helps provide disease immunity

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5
Q

Muscle tissue

A

movement - specialized for contraction

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6
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

carries information externally -> internally. Carries info from one part of the body to another in the form of electrical pulses

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7
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissues

A

Cellularity - tightly packed cells connected by cell junctions

Polarity - Apical surface is exposed to the environment; basal surface is attached to adjacent tissues

Attachment-base of epithelial is attached to basement membrane formed by basal surface and underlying connective tissue

Avascular - no blood vessels; cell absorbs nutrients through absorption or diffusion

Regeneration - rates of regeneration much higher than other tissues

Specialization - microvilli (increase surface area), cilia (specialized for movement - ex. move fluids)

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8
Q

Epithelial tissues classified by…

A

cell shape: squamous, cuboidal or columnar

number of layers: simple or stratified

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9
Q

simple squamous epithelial location

A

(INSERT)

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10
Q

Stratified squamous epithelial location

A

lining of the skin, vagina, throat, esophagus, anus, rectum and mouth.

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11
Q

function of stratified squamous epithelium

A

provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens and chemical attack

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12
Q

cuboidal epithelial tissue location

A

glands, ducts, portions of kidney tubules and thyroid gland.

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13
Q

Purpose of cuboidal epithelial tissues

A

limited protection, secretion, absorption

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14
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelial location and function

A

ducts (rare)

absorption, protection, secretion

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15
Q

Transitional Epithelium location and function

A

urinary bladder, renal pelvis, ureters

permits expansion and recoil after stretching

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16
Q

Columnar Epithelium location and function

A

lining of the intestine, gallbladder, uterine tubes, collection ducts of kidneys

absorption, secretion, protection

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17
Q

Pseudo Stratified ciliated columnar epithelial location and function

A

lining of the nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi; parts of the male reproductive tract

Secretion, protection, move mucus with cilia

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18
Q

Columnar epithelium location and function

A

small areas of the pharynx, epiglottis, anus, mammary glands, salivary gland ducts, and urethra

protection

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19
Q

General function of Epithelial tissue

A
  1. provide physical protection from abrasion, dehydration and destruction.
  2. Control permeability: acts as barrier; can be selectively permeable and permeability can change depending on stimuli
  3. Provide sensation: contain large sensory nerve supply
  4. Produce specialized secretions via glands: (structures made of epithelial tissues that secrete fluids), secrete into ducts, onto a surface or into interstitial fluid
20
Q

Exocrine Gland

A

gland that secretes onto body surface or passageway connected to the exterior

21
Q

exocrine glands use

A

ducts for secretion (ex. saliva, sweat)

22
Q

Unicellular exocrine glands

A

only one type: goblet cells (mucous)

23
Q

multicellular exocrine glands

A

groups of gland cells

24
Q

Endocrine gland

A

make secretions of hormones into interstitial fluid; do not use ducts

ex. Thyroid

25
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

product released by secretory vesicles by exocytosis; most common

26
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

involves loss of cytoplasm and secretory product

27
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

cell gets packed with secretory product, then bursts (dies) and is renewed by cell division

28
Q

Connective tissue consists of

A

specialized cells

matrix: gelatinous, fibrous, fluid, semifluid, calcified
- Fibers
- ground substances present in spaces between cells and fibers

29
Q

connective tissue consists mostly of

A

matrix

30
Q

Connective tissue cell types

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Fibrocytes
  3. Macrophages
  4. Mesenchymal
  5. Adipocytes
  6. Melanocytes
  7. Mast Cells
  8. Lymphocytes
31
Q

Def: Fibroblasts

A

spindle shaped cell; present in all CT’s; secrete components of matrix (chemical components of ground substance and protein subunits that form fibers)

32
Q

Def: Fibrocytes

A

maintain fibers

33
Q

Macrophages

A

large and scattered throughout matrix; fixed or free; body defense

phagocytic

34
Q

phagocytic

A

engulf pathogens or damaged cells

35
Q

Mesenchymal Cells

A

Stem cells for cell regeneration

36
Q

Adipocytes

A

contains large lipid droplet, nucleus squeezed to one side

37
Q

Melanocytes

A

synthesize and story brown pigment melanin; give tissue dark color; determine skin color

38
Q

Mast Cells

A

filled with histamine granules - released after injury or infection; dilates blood vessels and stimulates localized inflammation

39
Q

Lymphocytes

A

white blood cells - migrate through CT and are body defense. Some secrete antibodies, others are phagocytes and increase when tissues are damaged.
BAD ASS!

40
Q

Fibers are used to

A

used to support: Fibroblasts form and fibrocytes maintain

41
Q

Collagen

A

CT Fiber: most common
long, straight, unbranched; occurs in bundles (like a rope)
Flexible but strong

Example: Tendons (connect muscle to bone)

42
Q

Reticular

A

CT Fiber: same subunits as collagen, but thin and branching

interwoven and flexible but tough; hold organs, blood vessels and nerves in place despite changes/gravity

43
Q

Elastic fibers

A

CT Fiber: contain protein elastin; can be stretched and return to original shape; form Elastic Ligaments

44
Q

Classifications of Connective Tissue

A

Connective tissue proper: loose and dense tissues

Supporting connective tissues

Fluid connective tissues

45
Q

loose connective tissue is…

A

“packing material” of body; fill spaces; cushion and stabilize

Three types:
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

46
Q

Areolar Tissue (Loose Connective in Tissue Proper)

A

Function: cushions organs; provides support but permits independent movement; protects against pathogens

Location: within and deep to the dermis of the skin; between muscles; around joints, blood vessels and nerves

47
Q

Adipose Tissue (loose tissue in “Tissue Proper”)

A

Function: Provides padding/cushion, insulates, stores body heat

location: deep within dermis, esp at sides and buttock/hips

A&P (12 decks)

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