Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Four classes of organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Carbohydrate function?

A

Fuel and building material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
Disaccharides (two monosaccharides)
Polysaccharides (many monosaccharides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Most important energy source

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cellular respiration

A

process in which cells turn glucose into ATP (energy currency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glucose molecules can be combined to form…

A

disaccharides or polysaccharides for energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Polysaccharides are about

A

100 to 1000 monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lipids

A

hydrophobic; contain carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1:2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of Lipids

A

Fatty Acids
Triglycerides (fats)
Steroids
Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fatty Acids are

A

Lipids; long chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms connected to a carboxyl group -COOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

fatty acid with only C-C; (single bond)
Saturated with hydrogen;
packed tightly and solid at room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

A

fatty acid with one or more C=C (double bond-alkene)
Kinked (trans/cis shape)
Liquid at room temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Triglycerides consist of

A

glycerol + 3 fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

triglyceride function

A

stores energy; insulation; cushioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Steroids are

A

lipids consisting of 4 carbon fused rings;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ex steroid: Cholesterol.

A

Function: plays a role in cell membranes; starting material for sex hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Phospholipids are constructed from…

A

two fatty acids; glycerol joined to phosphate group;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phospholipid function

A

main component of cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phospholipids form

A

phospholipid bilayers (cell membranes) consisting of hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads that protects inner cell from environment

20
Q

Proteins are

A

most abundant organic compound in human body

21
Q

Protein functions

A

support; Movement; Transport; buffering; metabolic regulation; coordination and control; defense.

22
Q

Denaturation

A

When the physical environment causes a protein to lose shape and function (pH, temperature)

23
Q

Enzymes are

A

Catalysts, proteins

24
Q

Catalyst

A

Chemical that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed; decrease activation energy required for a reaction

25
Q

Enzyme characteristics

A

Specificity: Each enzyme catalyzes one type of reaction
Saturation limits: rate of reaction correlates to concentration of enzyme and substrates
Regulation: Any enzyme can be active under one set of conditions and inactive in other sets

26
Q

Substrate

A

the reactants in an enzymatic reaction

27
Q

Cofactor

A

an ion or molecule that must bind to an enzyme before a substrate can bind

28
Q

Cofactor purpose

A

Regulate enzyme activity; absence of can “shut off” enzyme activity

29
Q

Vitamins can…

A

be converted into cofactors

30
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Store genetic information

31
Q

Types of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid

32
Q

Nucleotides

A

building blocks of nucleic acids

33
Q

Nucleotides consist of:

A

5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; Ribose in RNA)
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous Base

34
Q

Two types of Nitrogenous bases

A

Purines (double ringed; adenine and guanine)

Pyridines (single ringed; cytosine, thymine, uracil)

35
Q

Structure of Nucleic acid: RNA

A

single stranded. Examples mRNA (messenger), tRNA (transfer), rRNA (ribosomal)

36
Q

Function of RNA

A

Protein synthesis

37
Q

DNA shape and function

A

C-G and A-T complementary base pairs hold together in double helix

Function: sequence of basis is the code that the cell reads to build proteins

38
Q

ATP is…

A

high energy molecule made and used by cells; energy currency

39
Q

ATP stands for

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

40
Q

ATP molecules contain

A

High energy bonds;

41
Q

ATP Hydrolysis

A

release energy that cells can use:

ATP -> ADP+P+Energy
ADP + P + energy (food) -> ATP

Reversible reaction

42
Q

Difference in nitrogenous basis between DNA and RNA

A

RNA contains uracil; DNA contains Thymine

43
Q

Bond formed by covalent bonds between amino acids in a protein

A

peptide bond

44
Q

Number of amino acids

A

20

45
Q

Amino acids are

A

building blocks of proteins

46
Q

Amino acids consist of

A 
central carbon atom bonded to: 
Hydrogen atom
Carboxyl group (COOH)
Amino Group 
Variable R group

A&P (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions