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A&P > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

the CNS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

almost all nervous tissue beside brain and spinal cord make up the

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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3
Q

Send input to and from the brain

A

cranial nerves

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4
Q

send input to and from the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

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5
Q

spinal reflexes are

A

rapid, automated response triggered by specific stimuli;

can function without input from the brain

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6
Q

Examples of effectors

A

muscles, glands, adipose tissue

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7
Q

spinal cord regions are named for

A

neighboring bone structures

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8
Q

cell bodies in PNS are located in

A

ganglia

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9
Q

cell bodies in CNS are located in

A

nucleus

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10
Q

The axons and dendrites in the PNS are called

A

nerves

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11
Q

the axons and the dendrites in the CNS are called

A

Tracts

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12
Q

1st segment of spinal cord

A

cervical spinal nerves (C1 - C8)

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13
Q

2nd segment of spinal cord

A

Thoracic spinal nerves (T1 - T12)

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14
Q

3rd segment of spinal cord

A

Lumbar spinal nerves (L1-L5)

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15
Q

4th segment of spinal cord

A

sacral spinal nerves (S1-S5)

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16
Q

Last segment in spinal cord

A

Coccygeal spinal nerve (CO1)

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17
Q

each spinal segment has a _____ of ________.

A

Pair of ; dorsal root ganglia

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18
Q

dorsal root ganglia contain

A

cell bodies of sensory neurons

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19
Q

axons of sensory neurons form ___ that…

A

dorsal roots; bring sensory information to the spinal cord

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20
Q

grey matter is made up of … and surrounds…

A

cell bodies and neuroglia … central canal in a butterfly shape, creating “horns”

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21
Q

White matter contains… or…. that travel between segments of …. or between the… and….

A

ascending and descending axons; spinal cord; spinal cord and brain

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22
Q

incoming sensory information is integrated in the

A

grey matter of the spinal cord

23
Q

axons of motor neurons form

A

ventral roots

24
Q

axons of motor neurons control

A

muscles, glands and organs

25
Q

sensory and motor neurons fuse into _____ and are classified as

A

spinal nerves; mixed nerves

26
Q

amount of grey matter is greatest in

A

segments dedicated to limbs

27
Q

cervical enlargement supplies

A

upper limbs

28
Q

lumbar enlargements supplies

A

lower limbs

29
Q

more grey matter =

A

more bodily control

30
Q

white matter contains

A

ascending or descending axons (tracts) that travel between segments of cord or between spinal cord and brain

31
Q

white matter is divided into three columns:

A

posterior, lateral, anterior

32
Q

grey matter is dominated by

A

cell bodies of neuron and neuroglia

33
Q

grey matter surrounds ____ forming a butterfly shape called ____

A

central canal; horns

34
Q

def: nuclei

A

cell bodies in grey matter that are separated by function

35
Q

sensory nuclei

A

receive information from peripheral receptors

36
Q

motor nuclei

A

send information to effectors

37
Q

posterior grey horns contain

A

visceral and somatic sensory nuclei

38
Q

lateral grey horns contain

A

visceral motor nuclei

39
Q

anterior grey horns contain

A

somatic motor nuclei

40
Q

grey commisure

A

contains axons of interneurons that cross over to other side of the segment

41
Q

Connective tissue coverings of spinal nerves

A

endoneurium - surrounds each axon
perineurium - around a fascicle or bundle of axons
epineurium - around the entire nerve

42
Q

dermatome

A

specific region of skin surface monitored by a single nerve

43
Q

Nerve plexus

A

interwoven network of nerves

44
Q

cervical plexus

A

innervates head, neck and thoracic cavity

45
Q

nerve essential for the function of the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

46
Q

brachial plexus

A

innervates the arms

47
Q

lumbar and sacral plexus

A

innervate the pelvic girdle and lower limbs

48
Q

def: Reflex

A

rapid, automatic response to stimulus

49
Q

Withdrawl reflex uses… neurons

A

3 neurons: sensory, interneuron, moto

50
Q

Stretch reflex

A

is monosynaptic - only involves two neurons

51
Q

stretch reflex sensory and motor neurons have

A

heavily myelinated axons for quick transport

52
Q

stretch reflexes help maintain

A

posture

53
Q

interneurons prevent flexer reflex competition through

A

reciprocal inhibition

54
Q

reciprocal inhibition

A

when an interneuron sense and inhibitory neurotransmitter to an effector to prevent a reaction

A&P (12 decks)

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