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A&P > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The epidermis is a (structure)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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2
Q

The epidermis is - which means it absorbs nutrients from the basal layer

A

Avascular

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3
Q

Cells with the highest metabolic demands in the dermis are found near the

A

Basal lamina

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4
Q

Most abundant epithelial cells

A

Keratinocytes

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5
Q

Number of strata on thin skin

A

4 strata

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6
Q

First Strata layer

A

Stratum basale

  • deepest, basal layer
  • attached to basement membrane
  • contains basal cells (stem cells), melanocytes and tactile cells
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7
Q

Strata second layer

A

Stratum spinosum

-keratinocytes bound together by desmesomes

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8
Q

Strata third layer

A

Stratum granulosum

  • keratinocytes produce keratohyline and keratin
  • keratin fibers form as cells become thinner and flatter
  • gradually the plasma membrane thickens, organelles disintegrate and cells die
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9
Q

Fourth layer of strata

A

Stratum lucidum

-appears as glassy layer in thick skin only

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10
Q

Top layer strata

A

Stratum Corneum

  • many layer of flat dead keratinocytes
  • water resistant
  • allows slow water loss thru insensible perspiration
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11
Q

Cutaneous membrane parts

A

Epidermis - superficial epithelium

dermis - underlying connective tissue

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12
Q

Accessory structures

A

hair, nails, multicellular exocrine glands

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13
Q

hypodermis is the _______ layer that separates:

A

sub-cutaneous layer that separates integument from deeper layer tissues

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14
Q

Major functions of the integumentary system

A

PROTECTION of underlying tissues
EXCRETION of organic waste, salts and water via ducts/glands
MAINTENANCE of normal body temp via insulation or evaporation
PRODUCTION of melanin which protects against UV
PRODUCTION of keratin which repels water/ protects from abrasion
SYNTHESIS of vitamin D3 used for calcium metabolism
STORAGE of Lipids in adipose cells and tissue
DETECTION of touch, pain, pressure and temperature

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15
Q

langerhans Cells (AKA…)

A

Dendritic Cells

Function in immune response against bacteria or superficial skin cancers

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16
Q

Basic component of hair and nails

A

Keratin

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17
Q

cell death results from

A

accumulation of keratin causes cells to flatten; lose permeability; distance from dermal blood supply

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18
Q

Name of (5th) strata in thick skin / defining characteristic

A

stratum lucidum (clear skin)

no organelles in cells - just packed with Keratin

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19
Q

stratum corneum is..

A

resistant to water

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20
Q

Loss of 500mL of water per day through…. which…

A

insensible perspiration; can’t be felt

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21
Q

Blister

A

accumulation of water (insensible perspiration) that accumulates between deep layer and superficial layer of epidermis

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22
Q

Pigments in epidermis

A

Carotene and melanin

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23
Q

Carotene is…

A

orange in color; converted to vitamin A and important for maintenance of epithelia

24
Q

Melanin is

A

brown pigment made by melanocytes

25
Q

Melanocytes are located in

A

the s. germinativum; make melanin and pack it granules called melanosomes

26
Q

Protection from UV occurs because

A

melanocytes secrete melanosomes that accumulate in keratinocytes near the nucleus to protect it from UV radiation

27
Q

Red blood cells are filled with the protein…. that transports….

it is …… when it is attached to oxygen. It is ____ when it is not.

A

hemoglobin / oxygen

red / blue

28
Q

Process of vitamin D3 creation thru UV

A

UV radiation touches the epidermis;
Epidermal cells convert a steroid into Vitamin D3 in the stratum germinativum and stratum spinosum;
Intermediate is applied in the liver;
turned into calcitrol in the kidney;
stimulated calcium and phosphate ion absorption in the small intestine;
causes bone growth

29
Q

Dermis supports

A

epidermis

30
Q

Dermal layers and tissue types

A
  1. papillary layer - aerolar tissue = capillaries/sensory neurons
  2. Reticular layer - dense irregular tissue
31
Q

Accessory structures extend into the

A

dermis

32
Q

____ project between epidermal ridges

A

dermal papillae

33
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of papillary layer of dermis

34
Q

Plexus

A

interwoven network

35
Q

_____ are arteries and veins supplying the skin; found at the border of______.

A

Cutaneous plexus / reticular layer of dermis and subcutaneous layer

36
Q

Subpapillary plexus

A

superficial to the cutaneous plexus; supplies blood to the dermal and epidermal layer

37
Q

contusion

A

rupture of dermal blood vessels

38
Q

integument is a ____ kind of structure

A

sensory

39
Q

dermis is filled with ______ that ______.

A

sensory nerve fibers

control blood flow, adjust gland secretions and respond to touch

40
Q

tactile (meissner’s) corpuscles

A

in dermal papillae; respond to light touch

41
Q

_____ respond to deep touch pressure and vibration. Located in____.

A

Lamellated (pacinian) corpuscles

reticular

42
Q

Hypodermis ; purpose

A

not considered part of integumentary;

helps stabilize the skin in relation to underlying tissues; made of Areolar and adipose tissue (elastic)

can use “hypodermic needle (or sub-q needle) since no organs are present

43
Q

another name for accessory structures

A

epidermal derivatives

44
Q

hairs are produced in

A

hair follicles

45
Q

function of hair

A

insulation, protection,

46
Q

contraction of ____ causes the hair to ______

A

arrector pili muscle causes the hair to stand up

47
Q

Conditioner for the hair

A

Sebaceous glands secrete lipid into hair follicle to condition the hair

48
Q

Remnant of the past

A

vestigial structure

49
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

oil glands; act via holocrine secretion;

produce sebum

50
Q

sebum

A

oil that lubricates hair shafts; inhibits bacterial growth; conditions skin (sebaceous gland)

51
Q

sebaceous follicle

A

large gland not associated with hair follicle; secret sebum directly onto epidermis

52
Q

Types of sweat glands

A

Apocrine (really merocrine)

Merocrine

53
Q

Name for sweat gland

A

sudoriferous

54
Q

apocrine sweat glands secrete. Controlled by…

A

through hair follicles; happens during puberty; is a draw for bacteria which makes it odorous…

Autonomic nervous system

55
Q

Merocrine sweat glands (function)

A

secrete directly onto the skin; widely spread

Functions:
Thermal regulation
excreting water and electrolytes
provide protection from micro-organisms and chemicals

56
Q

merocrine gland is essential for

A

temperature homeostasis through evaporative cooling

A&P (12 decks)

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