Osseous Tissue

Question 1

Five major functions of osseous tissue

Answer 1

Support for entire body
Storage for lipids and minerals 
Production of red blood cells (in marrow)
Protection of internal organs
Leverage for motion

Question 2

Flat bones

Answer 2

Found in cranium, sternum (breastbone, ribs, shoulder blade)

Provide surface for attachment of skeletal muscle

Question 3

Sutural bone

Answer 3

Flat, oddly shaped bones found in between flat bones of the skull

Question 4

Irregular Bones

Answer 4

Complex shapes

Vertebrae, pelvis and some skull bones

Question 5

Short bones

Answer 5

Box like in appearance;

Wrist and ankle bones

Question 6

Long bones

Answer 6

Long and slender;

Femur, forearms; arms

Question 7

Sesamoid bones (seed-like)

Answer 7

Small, round, flat ; develop inside tendons; usually found at site of joint (knee, hands and feet)

Ex: knee cap

Question 8

Two types of osseous tissue

Answer 8

Spongy and compact

Question 9

Long bone regions

Answer 9

Epiphysis - region at the articulating ends of the long bone
Diaphysis - middle (shaft) of the bone
Metaphysis - thin part connecting epiphysis to metaphysis

Question 10

Region where thin layer of compact bone is superficial to spongy bone

Answer 10

Epiphyses

Question 11

Thick layer of compact bone surrounds the ____ in the ____ section of the bone

Answer 11

Medullary Cavity ; diaphysis

Question 12

Medullary cavity filled with

Answer 12

Bone marrow -
Yellow- lipid storage
Red - blood cells

Question 13

In a joint, the epiphysis is covered with

Answer 13

Articular cartilage (a type of hyaline cartilage)

Question 14

Osseous tissue matrix

Answer 14

2/3 bone weight is calcium phosphate (hard but brittle)

1/3 is collagen fibers (strong yet flexible)

Question 15

Cells in osseous tissues

Answer 15

Osteocyte - mature cells that maintain matrix & assist in repair
Osteoblasts - immature cells that produce new bone (also have a role in calcium storage)
Osteoclasts - multinucleated cell that dissolves bone to maintain calcium levels

Question 16

Osteon

Answer 16

Basic structural component of bone (repeating structure creating “bullseye”

Question 17

Osteocytes are arranged in a _____ around the _______.

Answer 17

Concentric lamellae central canal

Question 18

Osteocytes occupy ____ and are connected to each other. A series of _____ allow blood to diffuse through the tissue. Diffusion does/does not occur through matrix?

Answer 18

Lacunae; canaliculi; does not

Question 19

Runs perpendicular in bone

Answer 19

Central canal

Question 20

Perforating Canals

Answer 20

Run perpendicular to the surface of bone

Question 21

Osteon has ____ running through the central canal

Answer 21

Veins and arteries

Question 22

Osteons run…. to the long axis of the diaphysis

Answer 22

Parallel (the entire length)

Question 23

Diaphysis is strong when

Answer 23

Force applied to top and bottom NOT to the side because of the parallel running osteon

Question 24

Spongy bone has lamellae called ____ that have a _____ structure

Answer 24

Trabeculae; branching

Question 25

Function of spongy bone

Answer 25

Located where stress can occur from various direction; lighter and compact so muscles can move more freely; protect the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 26

Superficial bone covered by

Answer 26

Periosteum - fibrous outer layer, cellular inner layer

Question 27

Function of periosteum

Answer 27

Isolates bone from surrounding tissue; provides route for blood vessels and nerves; participates in bone growth and repair

Question 28

Appositional growth

Answer 28

Increase in bone from outer layer

Question 29

Perforating fibers

Function:

Answer 29

Collagen fibers incorporated into bone tissue from tendons and ligaments

Bond tendons and ligaments into general bone structure

Question 30

Endosteum

Answer 30

Incomplete cellular layer that lines the marrow (internal cavity)

Active during bone growth, repair ad remodeling

Question 31

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Answer 31

Can remove or deposit matrix components

Question 32

Osteoblasts make new matrix in the endosteum called

Answer 32

Osteoid

Question 33

Bone growth

Answer 33

Osteogenisis

Question 34

Ossification & types

Answer 34

Process of replacing tissue with bone;

• endochondral
• intramembranous

Question 35

Endochondral ossification

Answer 35

Replacing cartilage with bone; mechanism for growth of long bones

Question 36

Primary ossification center

Answer 36

Where bone development first occurs in the center of bone