Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Theory states that..

A

cells are the smallest units of life;
all organisms contain cells;
every new cells arises from the division of another;
each cell maintains homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

cells boundary; regulates movement of things in an out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytoplasm consists of

A

cell fluid (cytosol) and organelles (carry out cell function)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cell fluid

A

cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleus

A

contain genetic material necessary for cell regulation (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stages of protein synthesis

A

transcription: occurs in nucleus
DNA ->mRNA

Translation: occurs in ribosomes
mRNA -> protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gene

A

a segment of a DNA that codes for a specific protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

carries information from nucleus to ribosomes for protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe protein synthesis process in endomembrane system

A

Gene on DNA produces mRNA with instructions for protein synthesis;

mRNA leaves the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome (either fixed to Rough ED or free floating in cytoplasm)

mRNA translates genetic information to ribosome for production of protein

protein is modified as it moves down the rough endoplasmic reticulum and is transported via vesicle out of the ER. The smooth ER allows for the formation of a vesicle.

protein is carried via vesicle to the Golgi apparatus where they are modified and shipped to other parts of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

exocytosis

A

when something exits the plasma membrane of the cell … is “spit out”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell; produce ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Process of breaking down carbohydrates and fats to be used as energy for cellular functions.

  1. Glycolysis
  2. Citric Acid Cylce (krebs cycle)
  3. Electron transport chain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endomembrane system components

A

nucleus; ribosomes, rough ER, smooth ER, golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nucleus

A

stores genetic information (DNA), instructions for protein creation and synthesis; contains chromosomal structures that DNA is wrapped around.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ribosomes

A

protein factory of the cell. mRNA bring protein synthesis information to the ribosome (either free radical in the cytoplasm or fixed to the rough ER); called translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

studded with ribosomes; protein synthesis occurs inside the rough ER in coordination with the ribosomes; helps transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

smooth ER

A

makes lipids and carbohydrates; detoxifies drugs or toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

receives and modifies proteins; ships them out to the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lysosomes

A

contain digestive enzymes for degradation of waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Centrioles

A

microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

microvilli

A

increase surface area for absorption (specialized)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cilia

A

hairs on the surface of the cell used to move things across cell surface. Do not absorb; specialized for locomotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

give cell strength, support, structure, and movement (in some cases)

24
Q

Chromosomes

A

provide structure for DNA (wraps around chromosomes)

25
Q

During cell division…

A

chromosomes are the first to be duplicated.

26
Q

Chromosomes break off into _____ during_____. ________ distributes and organizes the chromosomes at during this process.

A

daughter cells, mitosis, centrioles

27
Q

Interphase

A

cells do their job

28
Q

mitosis phase

A

cell divides

29
Q

cancer is…

A

cell division that is out of control; rapid cell replication causing tumors

30
Q

malignant tumor

A

cells invade surrounding tissue

31
Q

malignant tumor spreads to other parts of body causing. Process is called

A

metastasis

32
Q

flagellum

A

a long appendage specialized for movement

33
Q

Plasma membrane function

A

separate the inside from outside of cell; regulation of environmental changes and what enters or leaves the cell (protective barrier)

34
Q

main components of plasma membrane

A

phospholipids and proteins

35
Q

functions of membrane proteins

A

anchoring: enable cells to stick together
recognition: “name tags” to help recognize friends and foes
enzymes: speed up reactions
receptors: bind signaling molecules; enable cell to cell communication
carrier: bind solutes and transport them across plasma membrane
channels: passageway for molecules to pass in and out molecule

36
Q

selective permeability

A

small, non charged molecules are lipid soluble and can pass through the membrane rapidly (like oxygen)

Charged or large molecules cannot pass through membrane quickly and require a carrier protein or pass through a channel (Na+)

37
Q

Diffusion

A

Process in which molecules naturally move from a region of high concentration to a lower concentration

38
Q

Passive transport

A

moves molecules along a concentration gradient; does not require energ

39
Q

passive transport types

A

simple diffusion; facilitated diffusion, osmosis

40
Q

Active transport

A

moves molecules against a concentration gradient from low to high concentration; requires ATP;

often involves carrier proteins known as pumps

41
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

assistance by carrier protein or channel to move molecules across plasma membrane. Does not require energy, though!

42
Q

osmosis

A

passive transport (diffusion) of water across a membrane

43
Q

in osmosis, water always moves toward

A

the side with a greater concentration of solute

44
Q

osmolarity

A

the total solute concentration in an aqueous solution

45
Q

osmotic pressure

A

the force in which water moves into a solution as a result of its osmolarity

46
Q

isotonic

A

concentration of solute in solution is equal inside and outside the cell

47
Q

hypertonic

A

water leaves the cell; concentration of solute in solution is greater outside the cell than inside

48
Q

hypotonic

A

water enters the cell; the concentration of solutes in solution is higher inside the cell than outside

49
Q

Active transport example

A

active transport pump - the Na+ / K+ exchange pump:
essential to neural and muscle function
for ever 1 molecule of ATP, 3 Na+ are pumped out and 2 K+ are pumped into the cell

50
Q

Secondary active transport

A

the transport mechanism itself does not require energy, but the effect will cause the cell to use energy later

51
Q

Bulk transport across cell membrane occurs by

A

exocytosis and endocytosis

52
Q

Exocytosis

A

transport vesicles migrate to the plasma membrane, fuse with it, and empty the contents outside the cell.

Requires ATP

53
Q

Endocytosis

A

cell takes in big molecules by forming a vesicle on the plasma membrane

Requires ATP

54
Q

membrane potential

A

the separation of positive and negative charges across a plasma membrane

55
Q

resting potential

A

-10 to -100 mV depending on cell

56
Q

the membrane potential is

A

stored energy that can be used to do work. neuron/muscle cells work by changing their membrane potential

A&P (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions