Tissues Flashcards
What are the four main types of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
List the 8 types of epithelium and give an example of each
- Simple squamous: alveoli
- Simple cuboidal: kidney tubules
- Simple columnar: lines digestive tract
- Pseudostratified columnar: trachea/URT
- Stratified squamous: skin (keratinized)
- Stratified cuboidal: mammary/salivary glands
- Stratified columnar: male urethra
- Urothelium: lines bladder
What is extracellular matrix?
Composed of ground substance and protein fibres, provides cushioning and protection
What are the ground substances of connective tissue?
Hyaluronic Acid: lubricant
Proteoglycan: protein and polysaccharide that traps water
Adhesive molecules: hold proteoglycan aggregates together
What is loose connective areolar tissue?
-protein fibres that form a network with an open weave
-holds interstitial fluid and macrophages, WBCs, and mast cells
What is adipose?
-composed of adipocytes
-holds fat
-cushions and insulates the body
What is reticular connective tissue?
-composed of reticular fibres
-produced by fibroblasts
-forms a scaffolding for other cells, eg lymph nodes
What is dense regular connective tissue?
-densely packed fibroblasts and collagen fibres
-arranged in parallel
-flexible but strong
-tendons, ligaments
What is dense irregular tissue?
-collagen + elastic fibres and fibroblasts in a viscous matrix
-fibres oriented randomly
-strong, for connection and support
-scars
What is compact/cortical bone?
-type I collagen, calcium and phosphate crystals
-osteoblasts and osteoclasts
-80% of bone
What is cancellous bone?
-spongy
-20% of bone
-ends of long bones
-red bone marrow
What is hyaline cartilage?
-avascular/aneural
-glass-like
-weakest cartilage
-chondrocytes
-trachea
What is fibrocartilage?
-avascular/aneural
-chondrocytes + fibroblasts
-Type I and II collagen, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans
-weight bearing
-intervertebral disks
What is elastic cartilage?
-chondrocytes in a thread-like network of elastic fibres
-strength and elasticity
-type II collagen, aggrecan, elastin
What are serous membranes?
line body cavities and cover organs, covered in serous fluid, visceral and parietal layers
What are connective tissue membranes?
Synovial membranes and meninges
