Tissues Flashcards
What are the four main types of tissues?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
List the 8 types of epithelium and give an example of each
- Simple squamous: alveoli
- Simple cuboidal: kidney tubules
- Simple columnar: lines digestive tract
- Pseudostratified columnar: trachea/URT
- Stratified squamous: skin (keratinized)
- Stratified cuboidal: mammary/salivary glands
- Stratified columnar: male urethra
- Urothelium: lines bladder
What is extracellular matrix?
Composed of ground substance and protein fibres, provides cushioning and protection
What are the ground substances of connective tissue?
Hyaluronic Acid: lubricant
Proteoglycan: protein and polysaccharide that traps water
Adhesive molecules: hold proteoglycan aggregates together
What is loose connective areolar tissue?
-protein fibres that form a network with an open weave
-holds interstitial fluid and macrophages, WBCs, and mast cells
What is adipose?
-composed of adipocytes
-holds fat
-cushions and insulates the body
What is reticular connective tissue?
-composed of reticular fibres
-produced by fibroblasts
-forms a scaffolding for other cells, eg lymph nodes
What is dense regular connective tissue?
-densely packed fibroblasts and collagen fibres
-arranged in parallel
-flexible but strong
-tendons, ligaments
What is dense irregular tissue?
-collagen + elastic fibres and fibroblasts in a viscous matrix
-fibres oriented randomly
-strong, for connection and support
-scars
What is compact/cortical bone?
-type I collagen, calcium and phosphate crystals
-osteoblasts and osteoclasts
-80% of bone
What is cancellous bone?
-spongy
-20% of bone
-ends of long bones
-red bone marrow
What is hyaline cartilage?
-avascular/aneural
-glass-like
-weakest cartilage
-chondrocytes
-trachea
What is fibrocartilage?
-avascular/aneural
-chondrocytes + fibroblasts
-Type I and II collagen, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans
-weight bearing
-intervertebral disks
What is elastic cartilage?
-chondrocytes in a thread-like network of elastic fibres
-strength and elasticity
-type II collagen, aggrecan, elastin
What are serous membranes?
line body cavities and cover organs, covered in serous fluid, visceral and parietal layers
