Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy & Terminology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

-Anterior Pituitary
-Thyroid
-Stimulate production of T4 and T3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A

-Anterior pituitary
-Adrenal cortex
-Cortisol secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

A

-Anterior pituitary
-Ovaries/testes
-Ovarian follicle growth & spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Luteinizing Hormone

A

-Anterior pituitary
-Ovaries/testes
-Ovulation/testosterone secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Growth Hormone

A

-Anterior pituitary
-All tissues
-Growth/carbohydrate, protein, & fat metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Prolactin

A

-Anterior pituitary
-Mammary gland
-Milk secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Anti-Diuretic Hormone

A

-Posterior pituitary
-Kidneys
-Water retention/blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Oxytocin

A

-Posterior pituitary
-Uterine smooth muscle & mammary gland
-Uterine contractions/milk release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Thyroxine (T3 & T4)

A

-Thyroid
-Most tissues
-Metabolic rate/growth/development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Calcitonin

A

-Thyroid
-Bone
-Lower plasma calcium and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Parathormone

A

-Parathyroid
-Bone/kidneys/intestine
-Elevate plasma calcium and phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Cortisol, Cortisone, and Corticosterone

A

-Adrenal cortex
-All tissues
-Metabolism/response to stress and exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Aldosterone

A

-Adrenal cortex
-Kidneys
-Sodium, potassium, and pH balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Epinephrine/Norepinephrine/Adrenaline

A

-Adrenal medulla
-All tissues
-Metabolism/heart rate & output/response to stress and exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Insulin

A

-Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans/beta cells)
-Muscle and liver
-Lowering blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Glucagon

A

-Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans/alpha cells)
-Liver
-Elevating blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Testosterone

A

-Testes
-Reproductive organs
-Reproductive development/behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Estrogen

A

-Ovaries
-Reproductive organs
-Reproductive development and behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Progesterone

A

-Ovaries
-Uterus
-Uterine condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Melatonin

A

-Pineal gland
-Various tissues
-Circadian rhythm, reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name the origin, destination, and control of Thymosin

A

-Thymus
-T-lymphocytes
-Immune responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?

A

-Exocrine glands secrete substances into a ductal system to an epithelial surface
-Endocrine glands secrete products directly into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system:

A
  1. Drop in BP triggers JGA to secrete renin
  2. Renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
  3. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) in lung capillaries converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
  4. Angiotensin II circulates to adrenal cortex and triggers secretion of aldosterone
  5. Aldosterone causes kidney to retain sodium and water, increasing BP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three layers of the adrenal cortex?

A

-Zona glomerulosa (secretes mineralocorticoids)
-Zona fasciculata (secretes glucocorticoids)
-Zona reticularis (secretes gonadocorticoids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the endocrine portion of the pancreas called?

A

Islets of Langerhans

26
Q

What are the five primary types of endocrine cells in the pancreatic islets?

A
  1. alpha cells (secrete glucagon)
  2. beta cells (secrete insulin)
  3. delta cells (secrete somatostatin)
  4. epsilon cells (secrete ghrelin)
  5. pancreatic polypeptide cells (secrete pancreatic polypeptide)
27
Q

How does a healthy body regulate low blood sugar?

A

-Low blood sugar detected
-Increased glucagon production by alpha cells
-Decreased insulin production by beta cells
-Glucose release by liver increases
-Glucose uptake by cells decreases
-Glucose levels in blood increase

28
Q

How does a healthy body regulate high blood sugar?

A

-High blood sugar detected
-Increased insulin production by beta cells
-Decreased glucagon production by alpha cells
-Glucose uptake by cells increases
-Glucose release by liver decreases
-Glucose levels in blood decrease

29
Q

What does adren/o and adrenal/o mean?

A

Adrenal gland

30
Q

What does hypophys/o mean?

A

Pituitary gland

31
Q

What does oophor/o and ovari/o mean?

32
Q

What does orch/o and orchid/o mean?

33
Q

What does pancreat/o mean?

34
Q

What does parathyroid/o mean?

A

Parathyroid gland

35
Q

What does pituitary/o mean?

A

Pituitary gland

36
Q

What does thyroaden/o and thyroid/o mean?

A

Thyroid gland

37
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty

38
Q

What is Cushing syndrome?

A

Group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex, including obesity, moon-face, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis

39
Q

What is diabetes mellitus?

A

Disorder of the pancreas that causes hyperglycemia. Type I onsets in childhood and is characterized by a complete deficiency of insulin. Type II onsets in adulthood and is a deficiency/resistance to insulin

40
Q

What is a goiter?

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

41
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

Overactivity of the thyroid gland

42
Q

What is exophthalmometry?

A

Measurement of eyeball protrusion (exophthalmos) as an indicator of hyperthyroidism

43
Q

What is a fasting blood sugar test?

A

Measurement of glucose levels in a blood sample taken from a fasting patient, and in specimens taken 30min, 1hr, 2hr, and 3hr after ingesting 75g of glucose

44
Q

What is radioactive iodine uptake?

A

Measurement of how much of a radioactive element (iodine) is absorbed by the thyroid gland

45
Q

What is serum and urine tests?

A

Measurement of hormones, electrolytes (eg K and Na) and glucose levels in serum and urine as indicators of endocrine function

46
Q

What is thyroid function tests?

A

Measurement of levels of T4, T3, and TSH in the bloodstream

47
Q

What is thyroid scan?

A

An intravenously intaken radioactive element localizes in the thyroid gland and a scanning device reveals any tumors or nodules

48
Q

What does ACTH mean?

A

AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone

49
Q

What does DM mean?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

50
Q

What does GH mean?

A

Growth Hormone

51
Q

What does GTT mean?

A

Glucose Tolerance Test

52
Q

What does HbA1c mean?

A

Hemoglobin A1c measures the average amount of glucose in red blood cells

53
Q

What does RAIU mean?

A

RadioActive Iodine Uptake

54
Q

Identify the gland depicted here and specify the circled part

A

Pituitary gland, anterior

55
Q

Identify the gland depicted here and specify the circled part

A

Pituitary gland, posterior

56
Q

What is depicted in this image and what type of epithelial tissue is visible?

A

Follicular cells in the thyroid, simple cuboidal epithelium

57
Q

What is being indicated by the arrow in this image?

A

Adipose cells in the parathyroid gland

58
Q

What is being indicated by the arrow in this image?

A

Cortex of the adrenal gland

59
Q

What is being indicated by the arrow in this image?

A

Medulla of the adrenal gland

60
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

An Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas

61
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is shown here?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Anatomy & Terminology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions