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Anatomy & Terminology > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

Organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands

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2
Q

What does the integumentary system do?

A

-Protects the body from chemicals, disease, UV light, physical damage
-Produces sweat, oil, wax
-Waterproofing
-Supplying triglycerides
-Synthesis of vitamin D

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3
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

-Outer layer of the skin
-Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
-Avascular, must be nourished by tissue fluids from the dermis

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4
Q

What is the dermis?

A

-Second layer of the skin
-Thick layer of fibro-elastic connective tissue
-Highly vascular
-Contains receptor organs

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5
Q

What is subcutaneous tissue?

A

Layers of loose connective tissue containing various amounts of adipose tissue

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6
Q

What is the epidermal strata?

A

-Five distinct layers of cells attached to basement membrane
-Best defined in thick skin
-Consists of keratinocytes

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7
Q

What is a keratinocyte?

A

Cell that manufactures and stores keratin

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8
Q

What is keratin?

A

An intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water resistance

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9
Q

What is a melanocyte?

A

Cell that produces melanin

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10
Q

What is melanin?

A

Gives hair and skin its colour, and helps protect the living cells of the epidermis from UV damage

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11
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis

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12
Q

Describe the anatomy of the papillary dermis:

A

-Loose areolar connective tissue comprised of collagen + elastin fibres to form a loose mesh
-Projects into the stratum basale of the epidermis
-Contains: fibroblasts, adipocytes, phagocytes, lymphatic capillaries, nerve fibres, touch receptors (meissner corpuscles)

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13
Q

Describe the anatomy of the reticular dermis:

A

-Thicker than papillary
-Dense irregular connective tissue
-Well vascularized
-Elastin enables movement
-Collagen binds water to keep skin hydrated

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14
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

-Directly below the dermis
-Well vascularized
-Loose connective & adipose tissue

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15
Q

What does adipose tissue in the hypodermis do?

A

-Energy reserve
-Insulation
-Cushion

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16
Q

What is hair?

A

-Keratinous filament grows in the epidermis in a hair follicle
-In the follicle is a hair papilla lined with stratum germinativum which produces the hair
-Hair bulb surrounds the papilla containing capillaries and nerve endings from the dermis

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17
Q

What are the functions of hair?

A

-Protection
-Sensory input
-Thermoregulation
-Communication
-Specialized hairs defend the body by trapping dust particles

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18
Q

What are sebaceous glands?

A

-Exocrine gland attached to hair follicle
-Produces sebum

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19
Q

What is sebum?

A

-Fatty/oily substance that coats the hair and skin
-Natural lubrication
-Prevents moisture loss and brittleness
-Inactive during childhood
-Secretion is stimulated by hormones

20
Q

What are sweat glands?

A

-Exocrine sudoriferous glands produce sweat to cool the body
-Secretions are excreted by exocytosis

21
Q

What are eccrine sweat glands?

A

-Produce hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation
-Found all over skin (esp. palms, soles, forehead)
-Sweat is mostly water, some salt, antibodies, metabolic waste, dermicidin, an antimicrobial peptide

22
Q

What are apocrine sweat glands?

A

-Hair follicles in densely hairy areas (e.g., armpits)
-Larger than eccrine
-Sweat includes organic compounds that make the sweat thicker and more odorous

23
Q

What are nails?

A

-Formed on the nail bed
-Composed of densely packed dead keratinocytes
-Forms at the nail root, a matrix of proliferating cells from the stratum basale that allows the nail to grow continuously

24
Q

Vitamin D synthesis:

A

-Epidermal skin layer synthesizes vit D when exposed to UV
-D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized from a derivative of cholesterol
-Liver converts D3 to calcidiol, then converted to calcitriol in the kidneys

25
Q

What is eczema?

A

-Allergic reaction manifested as dry, red, itchy skin
-Can include swelling, flaking, bleeding
-Managed with moisturizers, corticosteroid creams, immunosuppressants

26
Q

What is acne?

A

-Skin disturbance in areas rich in sebaceous glands
-Common during puberty
-Overproduction of sebum and keratin can block hair follicles
-Results from infection by propionibacterium and staphylococcus

27
Q

What is basal cell carcinoma?

A

-Cancer that affects the mitotically active stem cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis
-Most common skin cancer
-Head, neck, arms, back
-Starts in the stratum basale and spreads

28
Q

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

A

-Affects the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
-Presents as lesions on the scalp, ears, and hands
-2nd most common skin cancer
-More aggressive than basal cell
-Can metastasize

29
Q

What is melanoma?

A

-Uncontrolled growth of melanocytes
-Develops from a mole
-Highly metastatic
-Appears as asymmetrical brown and black patches with uneven borders and a raised surface

30
Q

What does ABCDE stand for when it comes to melanoma?

A

Asymmetry
Borders (irregular)
Colour (varied shades of brown or black)
Diameter (larger than 6mm)
Evolving (shape changes)

31
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

Epidermis-thick skin

32
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

Dermis (reticular layer)-thick skin

33
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

Dermal papillae-thick skin

34
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

Eccrine sweat glands-thick skin

35
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

Epidermis-thin skin

36
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

Dermal papillae-thin skin

37
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

Eccrine sweat glands-thin skin

38
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

Hair follicle-thin skin

39
Q

What is depicted in this image?

A

From inner to outer: hair shaft, internal root sheath, external root sheath, glassy membrane

40
Q

Combining forms meaning skin:

A

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

41
Q

Combining forms meaning nail:

A

onych/o, ungu/o

42
Q

Combining forms meaning hair:

A

pil/o, trich/o

43
Q

What is alopecia?

A

Absence of hair from areas where it normally grows

44
Q

What is nevus?

A

Pigmented lesion in or on the skin (mole)

45
Q

What is an allergy test?

A

Allergy-causing substances placed on the skin and reactions are noted

46
Q

What are bacterial and fungal tests?

A

Samples from skin lesions are taken to determine the presence of bacterial infection or fungal growth

47
Q

What is a skin biopsy?

A

Samples of skin lesions removed and sent to pathology for examination

Anatomy & Terminology (13 decks)

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