Levels of Organization of the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy:

A

The study of the actual physical organs and their structure as well as their relationship to each other

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2
Q

Define Physiology:

A

Study of how the organs work to function together as a body as organ systems

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3
Q

What are the 6 levels of structural organization?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ systems
  6. Organism
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4
Q

Describe the chemical level of structural organization:

A

The most basic level of organization, comprised of atoms and molecules

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5
Q

Describe the cellular level of organization:

A

Consists of cells, the smallest unit of living things, which can vary widely in size and function

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6
Q

Describe the tissue level of organization:

A

Consists of groups of similar cells with a common function. There are four different types, each with a unique role

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7
Q

Describe the organ level of organization:

A

A structure composed of at least two different types of tissue that performs a specific function in the body. Complex functions emerge at this level

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8
Q

Describe the organ system level of organization:

A

A group of organs that work together as a biological system to accomplish complex functions

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9
Q

Describe the organism level of organization:

A

Highest level of organization, where all organ systems work together to perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

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10
Q

What is anatomical position?

A

-The common visual reference point
-The body erect with feet together
-Arms at the side with palms forward

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11
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The maintenance of a dynamic “steady-state” within the body using negative feedback loops to counteract changes of various systems from their “normal” state.

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12
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

A feedback loop designed to keep a certain state, either increasing or decreasing.

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13
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

A

A feedback loop designed to increase, moving the system away from its starting state.

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14
Q

What are the anatomical planes?

A

-Frontal/coronal plane (divides body into front and back)
-Transverse plane (divides body into top and bottom)
-Sagittal plane (divides body into left and right)

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15
Q

What are the four 2D anatomical directions?

A

-Superior (up)
-Inferior (down)
-Anterior (front)
-Posterior (back)

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16
Q

What is the difference between distal and proximal?

A

Proximal: towards the body
Distal: away from the body
(e.g. wrist is distal from the elbow)

17
Q

What is the difference between medial and lateral rotation?

A

Medial: towards the body
Lateral: away from the body

18
Q

What does the dorsal cavity contain?

A

Cranial and spinal cavities

19
Q

What are the two ventral cavities?

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic