Levels of Organization of the Human Body Flashcards
Define Anatomy:
The study of the actual physical organs and their structure as well as their relationship to each other
Define Physiology:
Study of how the organs work to function together as a body as organ systems
What are the 6 levels of structural organization?
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ systems
- Organism
Describe the chemical level of structural organization:
The most basic level of organization, comprised of atoms and molecules
Describe the cellular level of organization:
Consists of cells, the smallest unit of living things, which can vary widely in size and function
Describe the tissue level of organization:
Consists of groups of similar cells with a common function. There are four different types, each with a unique role
Describe the organ level of organization:
A structure composed of at least two different types of tissue that performs a specific function in the body. Complex functions emerge at this level
Describe the organ system level of organization:
A group of organs that work together as a biological system to accomplish complex functions
Describe the organism level of organization:
Highest level of organization, where all organ systems work together to perform all physiologic functions necessary for life
What is anatomical position?
-The common visual reference point
-The body erect with feet together
-Arms at the side with palms forward
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a dynamic “steady-state” within the body using negative feedback loops to counteract changes of various systems from their “normal” state.
What is a negative feedback loop?
A feedback loop designed to keep a certain state, either increasing or decreasing.
What is a positive feedback loop?
A feedback loop designed to increase, moving the system away from its starting state.
What are the anatomical planes?
-Frontal/coronal plane (divides body into front and back)
-Transverse plane (divides body into top and bottom)
-Sagittal plane (divides body into left and right)
What are the four 2D anatomical directions?
-Superior (up)
-Inferior (down)
-Anterior (front)
-Posterior (back)
