Tissue Responses to Injury & Adaptations Flashcards
- here for the Liz brain *
hehe haha
define labile cells
continuously cycling - regenerative
list examples of labile cells
mouth/skin/bladder epithelium
bone marrow cells
define stable cells
quinescent aka divide infrequently
can be stimulated to divide (in G0 until stim to G1)
list examples of stable cells
liver
renal tubules
fibroblasts
endothelial cells
chondrocytes
osteocytes of CT
define permanent cells
non-dividing - can NOT be replaced when lost
list examples of permanent cells
neurons
cardiac muscle
photoreceptors in retina
define atrophy
reduction in function mass/size of cell/tissue/organ
define hypertrophy
increase in SIZE
* since it’s a party
define hyperplasia
increase in NUMBER of cells
- again, here for Liz brain *
if the middle image is a normal uterus, is the R image hypertrophy OR hyperplasia?
hypertrophy - pregnancy
___ is the mechanism for cell loss of physiological atrophy (apoptosis or necrosis)
apoptosis
list causes of pathological atrophy
vascular/ischemic
tissue destruction (pressure, inflamed, necrosis)
endocrine (corticosteroid drugs)
denervation of skeletal muscle
starvation
decreased functional demand (fracture)
ID the pathology
renal cortical/medullary atrophy
* hydronephrosis
describe the pathogenesis of hydronephrosis
transitional cell carcinoma in bladder -> blocking of ureter flow -> increase pressure in renal pelvis -> renal cortical/medullary atrophy -> hydronephrosis
list some causes of pathological hyperplasia and hypertrophy
abnormal increase in functional demand
excessive hormone stim
response to inflammation or trauma
ID the pathology
which side is normal?
R side normal
L side hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
define erosion
damage to tissue, BUT basement membrane stays intact
define ulceration
damage where basement membrane becomes compromised, so tissue/cells replaced by fibrous tissue (scaring)
erosion or ulceration?
erosion
erosion or ulceration?
ulceration
what’s the most common causes of stricture in esophagus?
circumferential erosion
ulceration via pressure necrosis
ID pathology
perforation - peritonitis
result of stomach ulcer
how does the heart and skeletal muscle respond to stress/injury?
reversible changes - atrophy and hypertrophy
* cardiac cells do fibrosis/scar instead of regeneration
define concentric hypertrophy of the heart
thickening from the outside, towards the lumen