Cardiopathology II Flashcards
define pericardial effusion
too much pericardial fluid
define cardiac tamponade. what side HF does this cause?
caused by pericardial effusion, increased P surrounding heart, reduced ventricle filling
causes R side HF since not as much muscle as L side - unable to fight the increased pressure
what are the two types of pericardial effusion?
hydropericardium
hemopericardium
describe hydropericardium. what causes this?
fluid accumulation in sac
EDEMA CAUSES - inc hydrostatic P, dec oncotic P, lymphatic obstruction, inc vascular permeability
*aka pericarditis
describe hemopericardium
bleeding into sac
*cardiac hemangiosarcoma
ID pathology
hydropericardium
ID pathology
hemopericardium
list the main ways that pericarditis occurs
bacteria
hardware disease - ruminant
when is epicardial hemorrhage typically seen?
anoxia, sepsis, endotoxemia
*can be agonal change
under what circumstance does serous atrophy of fat occur?
chronic prolonged negative energy balance - emaciation
ID pathology
serous atrophy of fat
how does traumatic reticuloperitonitis occur?
migration of metal from reticulum > direct penetration of pericardial sac > gut bacteria enters sac
describe acute hardware disease
fibrinosuppurative (neutrophils)
“bread and butter appearance”
describe chronic hardware disease
constrictive pericarditis
fibrosis of epicardium to parietal pericardium
reduced ventricle contract
ID pathology
acute hardware disease
what nutritional deficiencies are linked to myocardial disease?
selenium and vitamin E deficiency - essential for protecting from oxidative damage
what age is myocardial disease more common?
young
ID pathology
myocardial white muscle disease - necrosis and mineralization
sheep, cow
ID pathology
myocardial mulberry disease - necrosis and hemorrhage
pigs
how does copper deficiency affect the heart?
weakens vasculature
predisposing to vascular aneurysmal dilations/tears
ID pathology
vascular aneurysmal tear/dilation - copper deficiency
list ways in which toxins can damage the heart
exaggerated effect - drugs
depress myocardial function
directly injures cardiac cells
hypersensitivity reactions
describe ionophore coccidiostatus
mainly in horses
myocardial degeneration and necrosis via toxicity to salinomycin
ID pathology
ionophore coccidiostatus
how does anthracycline/doxorubicin affect the heart?
chemo drug for dogs
causes acute myocardial necrosis by oxidative damage, cytokine release
how does gossypol affect the heart?
swine»_space; goats/ruminants > horses fed cottonseed products
causes heart lesions like ionophore toxicity
how do vitamin D and calcinogenic plants affect the heart?
epicardial deposits of mineral
how does uremia affect the heart?
deposits of urate crystals from chronic renal disease causes ulcer lesions > fibrosis and mineralization