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Pathology I > Chronic Inflammation & Wound Healing > Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation & Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

define chronic inflammation

A

when acute inflammatory response fails
after repeated episodes of acute inflammation

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2
Q

how do you characterize chronic inflammation? (what cell types are present)

A

fibroblast - fibrosis
macrophage
lymphocytes
plasma cells
*VERY FEW neutrophils (acute)

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3
Q

fill out the chart in regards to chronic inflammation

A
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4
Q

list the four possible outcomes that occur if conditions do NOT allow full resolution of acute inflammation

A

abscess form
progression to chronic/granulomatous inflammation
healing with increased cellularity
healing by fibrosis

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5
Q

fibrin vs fibrous
which is acute and chronic?

A

fibrin - acute, disorganized, friable
fibrous - chronic, organized, fills within tissues

fibroUS stays with US

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6
Q

fibrin or fibrous?

A

fibrin - acute

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7
Q

fibrin or fibrous?

A

fibrous - chronic

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8
Q

list the main types of chronic inflammation

A

abscess
granuloma (nodular, diffuse)
eosinophilic granuloma (parasites)
lymphocytic to lymphoplasmacytic inflammation

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9
Q

ID the chronic inflammation type

A

abscess

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10
Q

how does abscess form?

A

neutrophils/acute liquify affected tissue/neutrophils to form pus

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11
Q

list the two types of abscess

A

septic - bacterial
sterile - partially degraded foreign body

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12
Q

what is myeloperoxidases role in abscesses?

A

enzyme in neutrophils that contributes to neutrophil necrosis and liquefaction

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13
Q

which abscess type requires lancing to be drained?

A

septic - since forms fibrous capsule, need to lance to allow drugs to be effective

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14
Q

ID the cells in chronic inflammation

A
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15
Q

ID chronic inflammation type

A

granuloma

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16
Q

define granuloma aka granulomatous inflammation

A

when monocyte-macrophage system is predominant and causes a shift from neutrophils to macrophage/lymphocyte/fibroblast/epitheliod macrophage/giant cells etc

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17
Q

describe epithelioid macrophages

A

large macrophages at site of infection
pale eosinophilic cytoplasm
secretes mediators

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18
Q

describe multinucleated giant cells

A

fused macrophages present when pathogen is resistant to elimination
has many nuclei
mediates tissue remodeling

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19
Q

ID the arrows
what type of chronic inflammation is this?

A

granuloma

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20
Q

describe fibroblasts

A

most common in CT, at outer part of granuloma
elongated cells, aid in integrity of tissue
helps with collagen/ECM synthesis

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21
Q

ID the cells
what type of chronic inflammation?

A

granuloma - fibroblasts

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22
Q

nodular vs diffuse granulomatous inflammation (bias?)

A

nodular - masses, TH1 biased
diffuse - dispersed in sheets, TH2 biased

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23
Q

describe presentation of nodular granulomas grossly vs microscopically

A
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24
Q

list the main examples of nodular granuloma

A

Mycobacterium bovis
Coccidiodes immitis - valley fever

25
ID pathology
nodular granuloma
26
describe the three distinctive morphologic areas of granulomas
innermost - macrophage, giant cells, some caseous necrosis middle - macrophage, epithelioid macrophage, giant cells outermost - lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblast with fibrous capsule
27
describe presentation of diffuse granulomas grossly vs microscopically
28
list the main examples of diffuse granuloma
johne's disease - occurs in lamina propria if ileum/colon
29
ID pathology
diffuse granuloma - johne's disease *bottom is normal ileum
30
ID pathology
johne's disease - based off presence of epithelioid macrophages
31
define eosinophilic granuloma
dense infiltrates of eosinophils with macrophages and some lymphocytes and plasma cells
32
list some examples of eosinophilic granuloma
oral eosinophilic granuloma - dog/cat eosinophilic dermatitis - horse
33
ID the pathology and describe its appearance
cat eosinophilic granuloma oral nodule, ulcer
34
ID pathology
eosinophilic granuloma
35
ID the pathology and describe it
equine eosinophilic dermatitis nodular granulomatous and ulcerated areas on skin
36
ID pathology what's the arrow?
eosinophilic dermatitis arrow - larvae
37
define lymphocytic to lymphoplasmacytic inflammation
B cells conversion to plasma cells - secrete Ig's to start phagocytosis
38
list the main examples of lymphocytic to lymphoplasmacytic inflammation
IBD in dog/cat
39
ID pathology
lymphocytic to lymphoplasmacytic inflammation IBD
40
ID the arrows
41
define chronic-active inflammation
has active part, includes acute inflammation cells - neutrophils, fibrin, plasma proteins *due to stimulus has NOT been removed from exudate, repeated episodes of inflammation over time
42
list the main examples of chronic-active inflammation
feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) pancreatitis
43
how does feline infectious peritonitis occur?
meow meow coronavirus
44
describe FIP gross vs histological appearance
45
FIP pathogenesis
fecal-oral ingestion of coronavirus -> replication in enterocytes and peyers patch -> replication in macrophage and blood monocyte -> dissemination into organs -> immune response -> pyogranulomatous vasculitis
46
ID pathology
FIP
47
fill out the table regarding immune response to FIP
48
what's the main veterinary example of chronic inflammation becoming neoplastic?
feline injection site (fibro)sarcoma
49
explain the possible mechanism of feline injection site (fibro)sarcoma
persistent injection site inflammation and genetic predisposition -> neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts **aggressive
50
ID pathology
fibrosarcoma
51
list the stages of wound healing
hemostasis acute inflammation proliferation/granulation remodeling
52
what's TGF-beta importance?
critical growth factor in wound healing
53
describe primary vs second intention wound healing
54
define granulation tissue
exposed CT that forms in a healing wound red, hemorrhagic, bleeds easily when bumped **can overgrow and inhibit healing
55
what is it?
granulation tissue
56
what is this?
granulation tissue - fibers grow parallel to wound surface
57
describe colors of healthy vs poor granulation tissue
58
pathogenesis of healing via fibrosis
necrosis of tissue -> dead tissue and acute inflammation exudate removed via macrophages -> space filled with fibrovascular/granulation tissue -> granulation tissue eventually replaced by immature fibrous CT -> healing wound forms scar

Pathology I (17 decks)

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