Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology I > Cardiopathology I > Flashcards

Cardiopathology I Flashcards

1
Q

label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

R side of heart is ___ blood and L side is ___ blood

A

R - deoxygenated
L - oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what’s the ratio of R:L side ventricular wall thickness

A

1:3
*since L side pumps to entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list the main components of electrical pathway of heart

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

heart disease cannot be ___, must be ___

A

not cured, must be managed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

list the main clinical signs of heart disease

A

c, exercise intolerance, murmur, arrhythmia, fluid buildup, cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define murmur

A

blood turbulence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define arrhythmia

A

irregular heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

list the types of heart failure

A
  1. sudden/acute vs chronic
  2. R vs L side failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

heart failure has blood accumulation where?

A

accumulation behind the failing chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe acute heart failure

A

sudden/severe pump and flow failure
syncope (unconscious), collapse
*cardiogenic shock
NOT enough time for compensatory changes to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

describe chronic heart failure. list the compensatory changes

A

less severe pump and flow failures
compensation - chamber dilation, hypertrophy, increased HR, increased peripheral R, increased blood volume, redistribution of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

eccentric vs concentric hypertrophy

A

eccentric - expands (thinning), VOLUME overload
concentric - thickening, PRESSURE overload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complete the chart

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

define R sided HF

A

congestion of systemic circulation
increased hydrostatic pressure - ventral SQ edema, pleural/peritoneal effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what type of heart failure causes this?

A

R sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define L sided HF

A

congestion of pulmonary circulation
pulmonary edema, hemosiderosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what type of HF is this?

A

L sided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Liz Brain

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe some systemic changes linked to HF (kidney)

A

decreased renal blood flow > RAAS activation > water retention, increase BP
**compensating for heart unable to work properly, WHILE ALSO making it so heart has to work more (increase CO via water retention), causing further decompensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe some systemic changes linked to HF (bone marrow)

A

hypoxia > erythropoiesis > polycythemia (inc carrying capacity) > increase BP > increase workload of heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

which area of the heart is affected FIRST due to decreased perfusion?

A

papillary muscles of L ventricle and subendocardial areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the histologic presentation of myocardial cell injury, necrosis, and scaring

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the 6 main mechanisms of heart failure?

A
  1. ruptures - hemorrhage, tamponade
  2. obstructed flow through heart - increases volume and P behind obstruction
  3. regurgitant flow - increases volume behind failing valve
  4. blood shunts - congenital mainly
  5. conduction disturbance (arrhythmia) - poor contraction
  6. pump failure - weak contraction, incomplete emptying/filling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

describe endocardial (AV) cushion defect

A

congenital issue
two thicker areas in cardiac tube from which heart chambers/valves form - does NOT properly close, can cause open communication between all chambers

26
Q

ID the pathology

A

L - normal
R - endocardial cushion defect

27
Q

in shunts, the larger the defect, the ___ severe clinical signs

A

more severe

28
Q

in shunts, the smaller the defect, the ___ the murmur

A

louder

29
Q

shunts cause what type of hypertrophy?

A

eccentric

30
Q

define atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO)

A

incomplete closure of atrial septum

31
Q

define ventricular septal defect (VSD)

A

incomplete closure of ventricular septum

32
Q

define patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

failure of closure of ductus arteriosus between aorta and pulmonary artery
*normally becomes ligamentum arteriosum

33
Q

ID the shunt

A

atrial septal defect (ASD)
patent foramen ovale (PFO)

34
Q

ID the shunt

A

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

35
Q

ID the shunt

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

36
Q

shunts are a ___ overload with an initial __ to __ shunting of blood

A

volume
L to R shunting - since L side is typically high P to begin with (can switch to R to L)

37
Q

ID the shunt

A

atrial septal defect (ASD)
patent foramen ovale (PFO)

38
Q

ID shunt

A

ventricular septal defect (VSD)
MOST OMMON DEFECT

39
Q

ID shunt

A

patent ductus arteriosus
*continuous murmur
small/toy breeds

40
Q

list the two main types of valvular defect

A

stenosis - narrowing valves
malformation/dysplasia

41
Q

list the two types of stenosis

A

pulmonic stenosis
aortic stenosis

42
Q

stenosis is a ___ overload

A

pressure

43
Q

stenosis will have hyper___ of the ___ that comes right before/after it

A

hypertrophy
ventricle before it

44
Q

ID the pathology
which ventricle will be affected?

A

pulmonary stenosis
R ventricle hypertrophy - R side HF, cause hepatic congestion

45
Q

ID the pathology
which ventricle will be affected?

A

aortic stenosis
L ventricle hypertrophy - L side HF

46
Q

ID pathology

A

pulmonic stenosis

47
Q

ID pathology

A

aortic stenosis

48
Q

list breeds that most commonly get pulmonic vs aortic stenosis

A

pulmonic - bulldog, boxer, terrier
aortic - large breeds, pigs

49
Q

ID pathology

A

tricuspid and mitral valve malformation/dysplasia

50
Q

tricuspid and mitral valve malformation/dysplasia is ___ insufficiency and ___ overload

A

valvular insufficiency
volume overload

51
Q

tricuspid and mitral valve malformation/dysplasia is hyper___ of the ___ that comes right after/before it

A

hypertrophy - eccentric
ventricle right after it

*dilation of atrium before it

52
Q

describe the tetralogy of fallot

A

FOUR abnormalities that causes insufficient amounts of blood pumped to body
1. ventricular septal defect
2. pulmonic stenosis
3. overriding aorta
4. R ventricle hypertrophy

53
Q

ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a __ to __ shunt due to ___ stenosis, causing ___ ventricular hyper___. this causes ___

A

R to L shunt
pulmonic stenosis
R ventricle hypertrophy
cyanosis

54
Q

ID pathology

A

ventricle septal defect (VSD)

55
Q

describe vascular ring anomaly

A

persistent R aortic arch (should normally be on L side) with ligamentum arteriosum on L > compresses esophagus > cranial megaesophagus

56
Q

ID pathology

A

vascular ring anomaly

57
Q

what pathology causes regurgitation, aspiration pneumonia, and poor weight gain?

A

vascular ring anomaly

58
Q

define ectopia cordis

A

heart located anywhere BUT in the chest
*most common in calves

59
Q

ID pathology

A

ectopia cordis

60
Q

Liz Brain

A

Pathology I (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions