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Pathology I > Disorders of Growth & Neoplasia > Flashcards

Disorders of Growth & Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Liz Brain

A
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2
Q

define metaplasia

A

reversible exchange within tissue of one mature cell type for another mature cell type
requires reprogramming of reserve cells (stem cell)

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3
Q

list examples of metaplasia

A

*hormonal changes and chronic inflammation

vitamin A deficiency - columnar/cuboidal respiratory epithelium to squamous

chronic pyometra - squamous

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4
Q

describe the change and ID type of preneoplasia

A

squamous/epithelial metaplasia - chronic distemper virus

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5
Q

describe the change and ID type of preneoplasia

A

mesenchymal metaplasia

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6
Q

describe the change and ID type of preneoplasia

A

myxomatous metaplasia - slender spindles mesenchymal cells separated by pale basophilic myxoid matrix

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7
Q

what stain is used to ID mucopolysaccharide in myxomatous metaplasia?

A

alcian blue stain

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8
Q

define dysplasia

A

atypical differentiation, disordered arrangement
partially reversible
**common at sites of chronic inflammation

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9
Q

list common features of dysplasia

A

increased variation in cell size/shape
increased N:C ratio (nucleus:cytoplasm)
increased/abnormal mitosis
disorganized cell arrangement

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10
Q

ID type of pre-neoplasia

A

epidermal hyperplasia

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11
Q

ID type of pre-neoplasia

A

epidermal dysplasia

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12
Q

describe the difference between the two images

A

disordered arrangement of epithelial cells on R image with high N:C ratio, pleomorphism (size variation)

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13
Q

ID which is neoplasia vs pre-neoplasia

A

no visible basement membrane on R image - neoplasia

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14
Q

list some extrinsic factors that influence neoplastic transformation

A
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15
Q

list some intrinsic factors that influence neoplastic transformation

A
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16
Q

list some viral/infectious factors that influence neoplastic transformation

A
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17
Q

ID pathology and what it was likely caused by

A

splenomegaly due to lymphosarcoma (in white pulp)

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18
Q

list the steps of tumor development

A
  1. initiation - genetic, irreversible change in cell population
  2. promotion - nongenetic, reversible, promotes cell proliferation, not considered mutagenic
  3. progression - genetic/nongenetic, irreversible/reversible, own blood supply, proliferation, detaching and moving to distant sites
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19
Q

one gram of tumor is equal to ___ cells

A

10^9 cells

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20
Q

list the three heritable alterations that contribute to cancer phenotype

A

DNA mutation
epigenetic changes
chromosomal changes

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21
Q

list some common characteristics of neoplasia

A

loss of function or unregulated function
genomic instability - unstable telomeres, DNA damage, gene alteration

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22
Q

define -oma

A

benign tumor

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23
Q

define -carcinoma

A

malignant tumor
EPITHELIAL origin

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24
Q

define -sarcoma

A

malignant tumor
MESENCHYMAL origin

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25
ID the tumor types
carcinoma - more cohesive sarcoma - cells look more separated, elongated/spindle nucleus
26
describe what a fibroma consists of
BENIGN consists of mature collagenous CT with few neoplastic fibroblasts that are indistinguishable **more collagen
27
describe what a fibrosarcoma consists of
MALIGNANT composed of interlacing bundles of large fibroblasts with plump/elongated nuclei, moderate eosinophilic cytoplasm **sparse/no mature collagen, more cells
28
ID tumor type
fibroma
29
ID tumor type
fibrosarcoma
30
ID carcinoma vs sarcoma
top - carcinoma since more cohesive bottom - sarcoma since more separated
31
*Liz Brain*
32
list the benign vs malignant tumor names for the following tissue types
33
ID the tumor
adenocarcinoma adeno since glandular carcinoma since ?????
34
ID the tumor
osteosarcoma osteo since bone (pink osteoid is unmineralized bone) sarcoma since separation between cells
35
list the benign vs malignant names for the following round cell tumor types
36
ID the tumor type
round cell tumor plasmacytoma
37
ID the tumor type
round cell tumor histiocytoma
38
ID the tumor type
round cell tumor lymphoma
39
ID tumor type
round cell tumor mast cell tumor
40
what's the name for an astrocyte tumor?
astrocytoma
41
what's the name for oligodendrocyte tumor?
oligodendroglioma
42
define hamartoma vs choristoma tumor-like lesions
hamartoma - disorganized, mature tissue in normal location choristoma - disorganized, mature tissue in abnormal location (ectopic...)
43
*normal brain for reference*
44
ID the tumor type
oligodendroglioma lots of clear space (myelin)
45
how are tumors diagnosed?
gross appearance/behavior histological architecture and cell pattern cell characteristics
46
give the term for this gross appearance
pedunculated/polyploid
47
give the term for this gross appearance
papillary
48
give the term for this gross appearance
ulcerated
49
name the tumor based on appearance
papilloma
50
give the term for this gross appearance
sessile/flat attached to base without a stalk
51
give the term for this gross appearance
annular - ring shaped
52
give the term for this gross appearance
fungating marked ulceration and necrosis, bad smell
53
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
sheet
54
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
packets
55
what tumor type is most likely to have the sheet pattern?
round cell tumors ex: lymphoma, plasmacytoma, histiocytoma, mast cell tumor
56
what tumor type is most likely to have the packet pattern?
neuroendocrine tumors ex: pheochromocytoma, chemodectoma, islet cell tumors
57
ID the tumor type AND pattern
round cell tumor, sheets
58
ID the tumor
chemodectoma
59
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
nests
60
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
cords
61
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
lobules
62
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
acini
63
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
tubules
64
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
cystic
65
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
whorls
66
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
papillary
67
ID the characteristic pattern of this tumor
bundles
68
what tumor type is most likely to have the nest pattern?
invasive carcinoma
69
what tumor type is most likely to have the cord pattern?
epithelial tumor
70
what tumor type is most likely to have the lobule pattern?
epithelial tumor
71
what tumor type is most likely to have the acini pattern?
glandular epithelial origin
72
what tumor type is most likely to have the tubule pattern?
glandular epithelial origin
73
what tumor type is most likely to have the cystic pattern?
glandular tumor ex: cystadenocarcinoma
74
what tumor type is most likely to have the whorl pattern?
mesenchymal (CT) tumor
75
what tumor type is most likely to have the papillary pattern?
glandular tumors
76
what tumor type is most likely to have the bundle pattern?
mesenchymal tumor
77
define bengin vs malignant tumors
benign - no invasion or metastasis malignant - local invasion, metastitize, can kill host
78
ID pathology
meningioma benign neoplasm of meningeal epithelium
79
complete the chart

Pathology I (17 decks)

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