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Pathology I > Acute Inflammation > Flashcards

Acute Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

list the five cardinal signs of inflammation

A
  1. redness
  2. swelling
  3. heat
  4. pain
  5. loss of function
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2
Q

what is acute inflammation dominated by?

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

define suppurative

A

pus

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4
Q

define purulent

A

pus

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5
Q

define fibrino

A

lots of fibrin

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6
Q

fill out the chart regarding acute inflammation

A
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7
Q

is fibrinous acute or chronic?

A

ACUTE

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8
Q

is fibrous acute or chronic?

A

CHRONIC

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9
Q

list the three things inflammation can act as.

A
  1. primary mechanism of pathologic change
  2. secondary contributor and propagator of disease
  3. precursor to chronic inflammation/fibrosis
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10
Q

how does the body know there’s an injury? (exogenously vs endogenously)

A

exogenous - microbes, foreign body, injury
endogenous - autoreactive, hypersensitivity reactions

activation of innate immune system

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11
Q

list the main mediators of acute inflammation

A

PG, complement, cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF

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12
Q

function of IL-8?

A

activates neutrophils

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13
Q

list the fever cytokines

A

IL-1, TNF, IL-6

PGE2

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14
Q

list/describe the phases of acute inflammation

A
  1. fluidic/exudate - dilute/localize inciting agent. increased blood flow stim histamine via leaky vessels
  2. cellular - delivers leukocytes to exudate at site of injury, leukocyte adhesion cascade
  3. reparative phase
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15
Q

generally describe leukocyte adhesion cascade

A

margination > rolling > adhesion > diapedesis (migration) > chemotaxis (neutrophil activation)

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16
Q

druggies

A
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17
Q

list the outcomes/goals of the complement cascades

A

formation of C5a and C3a - attract leukocytes for inflammation
formation of C3b - opsonizes pathogen, induce phagocytosis
formation of membrane attack complex (MAC) - creates pore in microbial surface

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18
Q

list some acute phase protein functions

A

hemostasis
bacteria lysis
bacteriosasis
mopping up free radicals

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19
Q

list the important acute phase proteins

A
20
Q

c-reactive protein function

A

binds bacteria to activate complement

21
Q

which two APP are used to show marked increase in systemic inflammation?

A

c-reactive protein
serum amyloid protein

22
Q

list the “positive” APP. what do they mean?

A

c-reactive protein and serum amyloid A
*increase in inflammation

23
Q

list the “negative” APP. what do they mean?

A

albumin
*decrease in inflammation

24
Q

define pyrexia

A

fever

*hyperthermia does NOT equal pyrexia

25
Q

what’s the key signal to reduce pyrexia?

A

PGE2

26
Q

define effusion

A

vascular leakage aka when fluid leaks into body cavities and NOT tissues

27
Q

ID the pathology

A

pleural effusion

28
Q

define transudate/serous exudate

A

clear watery fluid
means injury is rather mild or peracute
histology - affected tissues spread apart by watery fluid

29
Q

define exudate

A

extravascular fluid rich in protein/cells
cloudy

30
Q

transudate or exudate?

A

transudate

31
Q

list examples of exudate

A

hemorrhagic
serosanguinous (blood tint)
purulent (pus)
fibrinous

32
Q

ID transudate vs exudate.

A

exudate - hemorrhagic

33
Q

ID pathology

A

serosanguinous effusion
aka exudate

34
Q

ID pathology

A

pyothorax

35
Q

ID pathology

A
36
Q

define chylous ascites

A

milky fluid in peritoneal cavity due to blockage of lymphatic drainage

37
Q

type I hypersensitivity pathologic lesions

A

vascular dilation
edema
smooth muscle spasm
mucus production
inflammation

38
Q

type I hypersensitivity immune component

A

IgE
mast cells

39
Q

type II hypersensitivity pathologic lesions

A

cell lysis
inflammation

40
Q

type II hypersensitivity immune component

A

IgG and IgM
activate complement

41
Q

type III hypersensitivity pathologic lesions

A

necrotizing vasculitis (fibrinoid necrosis)
inflammation

42
Q

type III hypersensitivity immune component

A

IgG and IgM

43
Q

type IV hypersensitivity pathologic lesions

A

perivascular cell infiltrates
edema
cell destruction
granuloma formation

44
Q

type IV sensitivity immune component

A

T lymphocyte mediated

45
Q

define immunodeficiency disease

A

failure of immune system to protect host

46
Q

primary vs secondary immunodeficiency

A

Pathology I (17 decks)

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