Tissue Response to Injury - CH. 10

Question 1

what chemical mediators are responsible for inflammation after tissue damage?

Answer 1

histamines
leukotrienes
cytokines
prostaglandins

Question 2

how does histamine play a role in inflammation an injured tissue?

Answer 2

causes vasodilation to the area which allows increased amount of blood

increases cell permeability

Question 3

how do leukotrienes play a role in inflammation?

Answer 3

causes marginalization - where the macrophages and neutrophils are sent to the edge of the vessel walls where they clean the left over debris

cause increased cell permeability to allow proteins and fluids enter the cell (diapedesis)

Question 4

how cytokines play a role in inflammation?

Answer 4

they are the primary traffic police for leukocytes and help attract phagocytes to injured area

Question 5

what is the immediate vascular response after an injury?

Answer 5

vasoconstriction

Question 6

what is the role of platelets in the acute injury process?

Answer 6

they form together to form a clot to stop the bleeding

Question 7

how are clots formed?

Answer 7

fibrinogen gets turned into fibrin (by thrombin) which is a substance that comes together to form a plug

Question 8

why are patients sometimes chronically swollen?

Answer 8

low amounts of chemical mediators are still present - leads to cellular necrosis

Question 9

what initiates the growth of capillaries in an injured area?

Answer 9

decreased levels of oxygen in area

Question 10

what signals the beginning of the maturation phase?

Answer 10

as tensile strength increases, the # of fibroblasts are diminished

Question 11

what happens to scar tissue once movement is being introduce? under what law does this fall under?

Answer 11

tissue orientation will follow line of pull you exert on it

wolf’s law

Question 12

what is the benefit of using occlusive dressings for wound healing?

Answer 12

prevent the formation of scabs which can trap the drainage of fluid and increase the risk of infection

keeps the wound moist to promote upward movement of the necrotic debris to the surface of skin

Question 13

when injured tissue is converted into tissue that is not the original form of that tissue - what is this called?

Answer 13

metaplasia

Question 14

when injured develops abnormally, what is this called?

Answer 14

dysplasia

Question 15

in the case of increased cell count and proliferation in normal tissue arrangement , what is this called?

Answer 15

hyperplasia

Question 16

what are sprained ligaments bridged and connected by?

Answer 16

a clot - eventually a scar must form to connect both ends of the ligament

Question 17

in the case of injury to the nn cell, what is important to consider when looking at the likelihood of regeneration?

Answer 17

as long as the damage is farther away from the cell body, it’ll likely regenerate faster

injuries closer to the cell body are harder to regenerate

Question 18

what is the rate of regeneration of a nn?

Answer 18

3-4 mil/ day - slow AF

Question 19

for a bone fracture, when can you cease immobilization?

Answer 19

once x-rays show signs of a hard callus -“spongy bone”

Question 20

a patient presents with hyper irritability and the pain that they’re experiencing doesn’t follow dermatomal/ myotomal pathway - can “kind” of pain may they be experiencing?

Answer 20

myofascial pain

Question 21

a patient describes their pain as deep and achy but not localized to anything - what “kind” of pain might this person by experiencing?

Answer 21

sclerotomic pain

Question 22

describe dermatomic pain?

Answer 22

sharp and localized

Question 23

what neurotransmitters influence pain perception?

Answer 23

seratonin
norepinephrine
substance P
beta- endorphins