Injuries to Thorax & Abdomen - CH. 27 Flashcards
name the solid organs that make up abdominal viscera
liver spleen kidney pancreas adrenal glands
name the hollow organs that make the abdominal viscera
stomach intestines(s/l)
as a general rule, blood in cough is an indication of what kind of injury?
lung injury
what organ(s) would you suspect with a referral pain at the top front and back of the right shoulder - right side under ribs?
liver and gall blader
what organ(s) would you suspect with a referral pain at the L chest and down the arm?
heart and spleen
what organ would you suspect with a referral pain at the low back?
kidneys
describe a cheyene stokes
breathing that speeds up and down and could last from 1-3 min intervals
describe biot’s breathing
normal breathing to no shit at all
describe apneustic breathing
big pauses during inhalation
describe thoracic breathing
no use of diaphragm
describe how a crackle would sound
popping sounds
describe how a strider would sound
continuous wheezing
describe how a stertor would sound
harsh crackling sounds (fireworks like)
term for snoring
ronchi
term for crackling and bubbling sounds
rales
when auscultating the stomach, what should you hear?
gurgling, liquid sounds
no sounds indicate a possible obstruction
test to use for health of organ?
percussion
hollow organs - make a hollow sound
solid organs - barely make any sounds (dull)
describe a flail chest
associated with paradoxal breathing - rib section thats fractured will move in opposite direction as it should during normal breathing patterns
rib 5-9 are common to fx
mng of rib contusions, flail chest, rib fx
swath with pad over top
- may reduce symptoms of pain when breathing in or out
describe a costochondral subluxation/dislocation
mx - traume to anterolateral rib cage
TOP at site + apparent rib deformity
describe rib tip syndrome
s/s
mng?
impinge intercostal nn - sharp/ stabby pain
test: hook fingers to bring inferior ribs down
(+) test produces click
compression wrap and tensor for now - possible joint mobs may help
when you see tracheal deviation, what does that usually indicate?
pneumothorax or tension pneumothorax (air filled in the pleural cavity causing the lung to collapse or be pushed aside)
mx of hemothorax and s/s?
blood being filled within the pleural cavity - due rupture of pleural cavity
difficulty breathing
bloody cough?
s/s of traumatic asphyxia?
mx - direct blow to chest - compression of rib cage - you stop breathing
purple head
conjunctiva of eye becomes bright red
mx/ etiology of sudden cardiac death syndrome?
Marfan’s syndrome - weakening of the structures along the vessels - leading to rupture of vessels and aorta
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - thickening of heart mm and chambers become smaller
weird course of blood vessel - obstructs coronary artery
ventricular tachycardia
what would you hear as you auscultate a person with a heart murmur? what are the two types?
sounds: clicking or whooshing/ swishing
2 types:
f(x) al : any heart murmur with no original infection or disease to cause it
abnormal: blood flow through a damaged valve
describe commotio cordis?
mx: direct blow to the chest = cardiac arrest
blow is usually during repolarization phase
s/s - v. fib
mng: CPR/ AED
which causes more trauma to an organ? an empty one or distended one?
distended
s/s of kidney contusion
blood in urine
pain and stiffness in lowback
s/sof kidney stones
mng?
referred pain in the back / groin
can’t find a comfortable position but pacing helps
burning sensation and blood in urine (maybe)
mng: agua
difference between bladder contusion and bladder rupture?
bladder contusion can still allow you pee but itll be painful
vs.
bladder rupture you can’t pee at all
prevention strategy to overcome contusions of kidneys, bladder, urethra
empty out fluids before games and practices
watch for distance running
s/s of cystitis or UTI
pain while urinating / blood in urine
urge to urinate
mng: safe sex , wipe front to back!!
classic sign of urethritis
burning pain while peeing
mng: antibiotics
s/s of GI bleeding
bleeding in stools
abd. P
dehydration
referral pain for liver contusion
right scapular area and substernal area
s/s of pancreatitis
pain epigastric area
nausea, constipation
potential shock
mng: rehydration
s/s of food poisoning
nausea, vomiting
lasts 3-6 hrs - 24/48 at most
mng: electrolyte replenishment
s/s of IBS
pain in lower abdomen but relieved by pooping - irregular pooping schedule
what are hemorrhoids and how can you mng?
bleeding of the vessels due to pooping - usually heals within 3 wks
mng: proper bowel habits
1 tsp of mineral oil to lubricate stool
describe mcburney’s point
indication of appendicitis
refer to MD
what positions can you put the athlete to ease their pain after a scrotal contusion?
- kneeling position and bounce up and down
- supine 90/90 with valsalva
- cold pack to scrotum
if pain doeesn’t subside after 15-20 min - refer to MD
what’s the time cap for referring to MD afrer suspected testicular torsion?
6 hours
s/s and symptom of injuries to spleen?
Kher’s sign
referred pain L chest and down arm
hx
abd. rigidity
explain what a herinia is a the common places for it to occur
protusion of abdominal viscera through the abdominal wall (cause you’re weak as shit)
inguinal area: weakness of the injuinal canal
femoral area: usually through the femoral triangle
s/s of strangulated hernia
mng?
TOP of area
feeling of weakness and pulling sensations
mng: surgery
exercise doesn’t actually help - awks
management of direct blow to solar plexus?
ensure that the patient can breathe again
slow breaths - fast in and long out
tx for shock
mng of a “stitch”
- stretch arm to same side
- flex trunk and flex abdomen
- standing on opposite foot and exhaling
