Infectious Disease & Blood Borne Pathogens - CH. 14 Flashcards
3 types of direct transmission of an infection
direct contact (b/w body surfaces)
Droplet spread
Fecal oral spread
once the host has been infected - what are the sequential 5 stages? describe each of them
incubation - time 1 (pathogen enters host) - time 2 (pathogen mutli. enough to the point of feeling s/s)
person may be infected but not infectious
prodromal - host is contagious - s/s develope
acute - level of contagiousness is an all time high + s/s
decline - first signs of decreased s/s
recovery - apparent recovery from pathogen
explain how the innate immune response works
neutrophils, macrophages, dendrite cells
engulf invading pathogen to break down to ANTIGENs
these cells display the antigens to showcase to other T cells and B cells - called “antigen presentation”
explain the role of the adaptive immune response
they recognize the antigens displayed by the innate peeps
T cells, memory T cells
B cells - recognizes foreign object - release of antibodies to reduce rate of proliferation and signal other cells to destroy the sick cells
define:
sporadic
endemic
epidemic
pandemic
sporadic - occasional occurence
endemic - regular amount of cases within a region
epidemic - high number of cases within a region
pandemic - global epidemic
characteristics of a virus
needs a host cell’s nutrients to thrive - dead without it
either contains DNA/RNA - not both
name the 3 most common blood borne pathogens
HEP B
HEP C
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus )
how is HEP B transmitted? what does it do?
through blood of infected to non-infected
attacks the liver (scarring or cirrhosis)
s/s of HEP B
mng?
flu-like symptoms
jaundice
sometimes nothing
may test (+) for HBV antigen after 2-6 wks of exposure
mng: get vaccinated!!!
can HEP BV survive out of the body?
yes - at least 1 wk on dry blood or on contaminated surfaces
this virus if the leading indication for a liver transplant? s/s & mng?
HEP C
s/s - can be asymptomatic - if symptomatic, likely jaundice, dark urine, mild abdominal pain
mng - no sharing of needles or sharp objects (rasers/ shavers)
NO VACCINE FOR THIS ONE
why is HIV not the best thing to get?
the virus attacks the neutrophils, macrophages and dendrite cells - once HIV has mutil - these cells die
compromised immune system and person usually gets sick from secondary infections but can’t fight it off normally
HIV transmission
blood and sexual intimacy
name the 3 stages that happen once a person gets HIV
- fatigue, wt loss, nausea
- asymptomatic for as long as 8-10 years
- after hiatus - s/s occur - dev. into AIDS
why are you fucked as a person with AIDS?
can’t fight off the simplest form of infection - immune system is very shitty
what are some strategies to combat the effects of AIDS
NO VACCINE OR CURE
use of 3 types of drugs:
- blocks enzymes for the virus to thrive
- blocks copying of the virus
- helps protect T-cells
regular wt training & aerobic activities
an athlete/patient complains of fever like symptoms , light stools, dark urine, nausea and jaundice - what conditions would you anticipate that this patient has?
can either be HEP C or A
difference is that HEP C causes chronic liver disease but HEP A is chronic inflammation of the liver
HEP A can last up to 21 days - transmitted through contaminated food/water or fecal oral routes
what HEP virus has worse symptoms than HEP B?
HEP D - likely to get it once you already have hep B
how does one contract HEP E?
waterborne - poor sanitization of food and water
and transmitted through fecal/oral route
what sports are likely to contract HIV?
wrestling, boxing, martial arts, rugby
guidelines for protecting the athlete - athlete contraction
- cover open wounds
- tend to bleeding immediately - must provide a blood jersey
- PPE - puncture free containers and biohazard bag
- nitrie gloves if latex allergy
- wash yo hands!!
institutions should always supply -
chlorine bleach
antiseptics
proper places for soiled clothing
disposable biohazard bags
proper proportions of cleaning solution when sanitizing surfaces
1 part bleach to 10 parts water
when handling contaminated laundry how long and at what temp should the clothing be washed?
25 min between 71 C
preventative measure & post-exposure measures for athletes and AIDS/HIV
prevent:
immunization of HEP
mouthguards during play
shower after practice
post-exposure:
confidential medical eval
blood test
counselling
