Infectious Disease & Blood Borne Pathogens - CH. 14

Question 1

3 types of direct transmission of an infection

Answer 1

direct contact (b/w body surfaces)

Droplet spread

Fecal oral spread

Question 2

once the host has been infected - what are the sequential 5 stages? describe each of them

Answer 2

incubation - time 1 (pathogen enters host) - time 2 (pathogen mutli. enough to the point of feeling s/s)

person may be infected but not infectious

prodromal - host is contagious - s/s develope

acute - level of contagiousness is an all time high + s/s

decline - first signs of decreased s/s

recovery - apparent recovery from pathogen

Question 3

explain how the innate immune response works

Answer 3

neutrophils, macrophages, dendrite cells

engulf invading pathogen to break down to ANTIGENs

these cells display the antigens to showcase to other T cells and B cells - called “antigen presentation”

Question 4

explain the role of the adaptive immune response

Answer 4

they recognize the antigens displayed by the innate peeps

T cells, memory T cells

B cells - recognizes foreign object - release of antibodies to reduce rate of proliferation and signal other cells to destroy the sick cells

Question 5

define:

sporadic
endemic
epidemic
pandemic

Answer 5

sporadic - occasional occurence

endemic - regular amount of cases within a region

epidemic - high number of cases within a region

pandemic - global epidemic

Question 6

characteristics of a virus

Answer 6

needs a host cell’s nutrients to thrive - dead without it

either contains DNA/RNA - not both

Question 7

name the 3 most common blood borne pathogens

Answer 7

HEP B
HEP C
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus )

Question 8

how is HEP B transmitted? what does it do?

Answer 8

through blood of infected to non-infected

attacks the liver (scarring or cirrhosis)

Question 9

s/s of HEP B

mng?

Answer 9

flu-like symptoms
jaundice
sometimes nothing

may test (+) for HBV antigen after 2-6 wks of exposure

mng: get vaccinated!!!

Question 10

can HEP BV survive out of the body?

Answer 10

yes - at least 1 wk on dry blood or on contaminated surfaces

Question 11

this virus if the leading indication for a liver transplant? s/s & mng?

Answer 11

HEP C

s/s - can be asymptomatic - if symptomatic, likely jaundice, dark urine, mild abdominal pain

mng - no sharing of needles or sharp objects (rasers/ shavers)
NO VACCINE FOR THIS ONE

Question 12

why is HIV not the best thing to get?

Answer 12

the virus attacks the neutrophils, macrophages and dendrite cells - once HIV has mutil - these cells die

compromised immune system and person usually gets sick from secondary infections but can’t fight it off normally

Question 13

HIV transmission

Answer 13

blood and sexual intimacy

Question 14

name the 3 stages that happen once a person gets HIV

Answer 14

1. fatigue, wt loss, nausea
2. asymptomatic for as long as 8-10 years
3. after hiatus - s/s occur - dev. into AIDS

Question 15

why are you fucked as a person with AIDS?

Answer 15

can’t fight off the simplest form of infection - immune system is very shitty

Question 16

what are some strategies to combat the effects of AIDS

Answer 16

NO VACCINE OR CURE

use of 3 types of drugs:

1. blocks enzymes for the virus to thrive
2. blocks copying of the virus
3. helps protect T-cells

regular wt training & aerobic activities

Question 17

an athlete/patient complains of fever like symptoms , light stools, dark urine, nausea and jaundice - what conditions would you anticipate that this patient has?

Answer 17

can either be HEP C or A

difference is that HEP C causes chronic liver disease but HEP A is chronic inflammation of the liver

HEP A can last up to 21 days - transmitted through contaminated food/water or fecal oral routes

Question 18

what HEP virus has worse symptoms than HEP B?

Answer 18

HEP D - likely to get it once you already have hep B

Question 19

how does one contract HEP E?

Answer 19

waterborne - poor sanitization of food and water

and transmitted through fecal/oral route

Question 20

what sports are likely to contract HIV?

Answer 20

wrestling, boxing, martial arts, rugby

Question 21

guidelines for protecting the athlete - athlete contraction

Answer 21

1. cover open wounds
2. tend to bleeding immediately - must provide a blood jersey
3. PPE - puncture free containers and biohazard bag
4. nitrie gloves if latex allergy
5. wash yo hands!!

Question 22

institutions should always supply -

Answer 22

chlorine bleach
antiseptics
proper places for soiled clothing
disposable biohazard bags

Question 23

proper proportions of cleaning solution when sanitizing surfaces

Answer 23

1 part bleach to 10 parts water

Question 24

when handling contaminated laundry how long and at what temp should the clothing be washed?

Answer 24

25 min between 71 C

Question 25

preventative measure & post-exposure measures for athletes and AIDS/HIV

Answer 25

prevent:
immunization of HEP
mouthguards during play
shower after practice

post-exposure:
confidential medical eval
blood test
counselling