The Ankle - Ch. 19

Question 1

name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg? what is their main role?

innervated by?

Answer 1

main role: DF of foot

tib. ant
ext. hallucis longus
ext digitorum longus

deep peroneal nerve

Question 2

name the muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg? what is their main role?

innervated by?

Answer 2

main role: evert the ankle and aid with DF

fibularis tertius
peroneal longus . brevis

superficial peroneal nn

Question 3

name the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment. What’s their main role?

innervated by?

Answer 3

main role: PF

gastroc & soleus

tibial nn

Question 4

name the muscles of the deep posterior compartment? main role?

innervated by?

Answer 4

main role: plantar flex ankle and flex toe & inver the ankle

tib. post.
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus

tibial nn

Question 5

for normal gait to occur, what are the degrees on ankle ROM that’s the minimal amount?

Answer 5

10 DF (w/ knee extended) 
20 PF

Question 6

describe the kleiger’s test

Answer 6

test for: sprain of the syndesmosis, interosseus or ATFL/ PTFL

patient: knee flexed with foot hanging over table
AT: hold tibia and rotate forefoot laterally into external rotation

(+): pain at distal tibiofibular joint

Question 7

describe the cotton test

Answer 7

test for: sprain of the syndesmosis

patient: seated with ankle neutral
AT: stab. tibia + cup calcaneus –> move talus laterally

(+): pain at distal Tibfib joint

Question 8

mx to injure the ATF, PTF, CF, distal syndesmotic joint

Answer 8

plantar flexion and inversion

Question 9

mx to injure distal tibiofibular lig

Answer 9

forceful DF

Question 10

mx to injure deltoid, tibiofibular lig + possible fibular fracture

Answer 10

eversion with external rotation

Question 11

Describe a ‘pott’s fracture”

Answer 11

bimalleolar fracture (usually an avulsion on lateral and fracture on medial)

Question 12

describe osteochondritis dissecans.

s/s
mng?

Answer 12

an osteochondral fragment usually at the superiomedial aspect of the talus - can either be nondisplaced or displaced floating fragment

s/s: pain and swelling with the sensation of locking, catching whenever they move the ankle

mng: non-displaced: ROM, joint mobs and stability
displaced: surgery usually helps

Question 13

mng of subluxing peroneal tendons

Answer 13

compression horeshoe pad just behind the lateral malleolus to pin the tendons down - usually would have to do that for 5-6 wks

Question 14

diff b/w clonic and tonic spasm?

Answer 14

clonic: rapid contractions with ‘no contraction’ intervals
tonic: one long sustained contraction

Question 15

describe ‘tennis leg’

Answer 15

full rupture of gastroc and achilles tendon

Question 16

what are the categories for compartment syndrome?

s/s?
mng?

Answer 16

acute compartment syndrome
exertional compartment syndrome
chronic compartment syndrome

s/s: deep dull aching pain - change of circulation and sensations may be present

mng: COMPRESSION IS CONTRAINDICATED - ice and elevate

Question 17

how to distinguish bone pain and soft tissue pain?

Answer 17

percussion - tapping above or below tender point or slapping the bottom of the heel

Question 18

where would a stress fracture likely happen for a pes cavus and pes planus person?

Answer 18

pes cavus - tibia

pes planus - fibula