General Medical Conditions - CH.29 Flashcards
3 responses of the immune system when foreign bodies are present in the body
1) T cells released in response to antigens in the system
2) B cells create antibodies “humeral immune response”
3) inflammation “non-specific response”
S/S of rhinovirus
scratchy, sore throat
watery eyes
fever
sinusitis
S/S of influenza & typical incubation period
fever cough headache chills light sensitivity
48 hrs
Why avoid using aspirin below the age of 18? What does this condition mean?
Avoiding Reye’s syndrome
Swelling of liver and brain in children recovering from viral infections
Timeline of S/S of infectious mononucleosis (mono) - aka what?
aka “kissing disease” - only transmitted through saliva
day 3-5:
headache, fatigue, loss of appetite
d 5-15:
fever, swollen lymph, sore throat
2nd wk:
50-70% has enlarged spleen (more likely for splenic ruptures)
RTP policy for someone recovering from MONO?
can return after 3 weeks after onset of exposure
Criteria:
1) spleen isn’t enlarged
2) afebrile - no fever
3) liver function is good
4) pharyngitis and any other s/s are resolved
S/S of rubella - how long does it last?
incre. temp
sore throat
swollen lymph nodes
rash - begins at face/forehead - makes its way to the trunk
typically - 3 days
management of rubella
no aspirin with kids below age 18
early vaccination
S/S of rubeola
happens in childhood
nasal congestion
sneezing
light sensitivity
rash - lasts 5 days ish
no cure - let it run its course
S/S parotitis
inflammation of salivary glands and parotid
flu-like symptoms
fever
pain and stiffness in neck
lasts for 7 days
S/s varicella (chicken pox) & mng?
fever
rash
kids / adolescents - 96hrs after exposure (vaccine)
adults - 24 hrs after exposure (vaccine)
S/S of hay fever (pollinosis)
itchy, redness of eyes and nose
watery eyes
sneeze
sinus congestion
mng: use antihistamines (be careful as they are slt. sedative)
S/s of bronchitis
what to avoid?
cough:
starts off as dry - progresses to yellowish discharge (lasts up to 2-3 wks)
avoid: exercising in cold/dry weather OR sleeping in cold environment
def’n of pneumonia?
infection of alveoli and bronchioles
rapid onset if bacterial induced
time of admin. of albuterol before exercise?
15 min before
time of admin of salmeterol before ex
30-60 min
time of admin of cromolyn sodium before ex
30 min before
Mngmnt of athlete with cystic fibrosis
frequent drainage , proper fluid intake, enough rest during practice
Explain Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
S/S?
MNG?
degeneration of skeletal muscle –> turns to fat and connective tissue (onset in children: hereditary)
s/s:
starts with difficulty walking
affects hips, legs, abdomen and rest of body
atrophy and scoliosis, postural deviations
mng: consistent exercise to delay atrophy
Explain myasthenia.
S/s?
MNG?
antibodies attack synaptic junction between nn & mm. decre. of acetlycholine (neurotransmitter)
s/s:
drooping of eyelids & diplopia
general decrease in m endurance
mng: drugs that add additional acetylcholine to delay condition
S/s of meningitis & mng?
s/s: bacterial influence will cause swelling of the brain contagious for 24 hrs high fever stiff neck coma nausea
mng: 24 hrs isolation & use of antibiotics
explain multiple sclerosis.
s/s
mng?
autoimmune disease where the attack is at the myeline sheath of any nn.
s/s: depend on nn affected
mng: no cure - have a regular exercise routine to delay onset
explain amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
degen. of motor nerve to muscle - weakness or cessation of function of accompanying motor neuron and mm
upper and lower: upper is worse (lose ability to speak, swallow, use hands) - lower doesn’t have that
explain complex regional pain syndrome
excessive sympathetic tone - increase sensitivity to touch, atrophy
mng: mng P and take away distressful stimuli
recommended daily intake of iron for F and M
F: 15mg/day
M: 10 mg/day
sickle cell anemia
s/s?
mng?
abnormal shape of red blood cell - shorter life span than regular RBC
can lead to a thrombis - can cause ischemia or a clot = possible death
s/s: diminished performance and less endurance
mng: avoid hot and humid environments and high altitudes
what to do with an athlete/patient with hemophilia?
decrease in clotting ability - leads to excessive bleeding
mng: careful for collision sports or contact sports - refer immediately
normal reading of plasma glucose
what’s considered “diabetic”?
60-109 mg/dl
> 126 mg/dl
s/s of diabetic coma
fruity breath thirst nausea vomiting unconsciousness
s/s of insulin shock
N/T in hands
physical weakness
mng: proper nutrition before events
stages of hypertension
normal: below 120/80
pre-hypertensive: 120-129/80-89
stage 1: 140-159/90-99
stage 2: 160/100
red flag of cancer
sore throat that never heals
changes in bladder and bowels
unusual bleeding or discharge
thickening of lump
s/s of chlamydia
painful discharge - vaginal
painful at pelvis
can also be asymptomatic
mng: bacterial exam
s/s of trichomoniasis
vaginal discharge thats “green and yellow”
p.ful urination
mng: refer to physician
no sex
s/s of genital candidiasis
vulva irritation
mng: no sex , antifungal cream
s/s of condyloma
warts on genitals
nodules are swollen and can have a white middle
mng: freeze dry warts
20-25% pedophylin solution (moist warts)
s/s gonorrhea
affects:
urethra, cervix, rectum
N/t of urethra – followed by 2-3 hrs of greenish yellow discharge
p.ful urination
s/s of syphillis
ulcerations forms on genitals - swelling/rash
mild flu-like symptoms
mng: tx with penicillin - refer to MD
def’n of “delayed menarche”
no period at all after the age of 16
no dev of sex characteristics by 14
def’n of oligomenorrhea
less than 6 cycles/year
def’n of amenorrhea - aka secondary amenorrhea
cessation of period after getting it - can last a couple months
def’n of dysmenorrhea
p.ful menstruation
refer to MD
s/s of possible ovarian cyst
referred pain in lowerback or pelvis
problems passing urine completely
refer to MD
what consists of the female triad?
- amenorrhea
- eating disorder
- osteoporosis
