General Medical Conditions - CH.29

Question 1

3 responses of the immune system when foreign bodies are present in the body

Answer 1

1) T cells released in response to antigens in the system
2) B cells create antibodies “humeral immune response”
3) inflammation “non-specific response”

Question 2

S/S of rhinovirus

Answer 2

scratchy, sore throat
watery eyes
fever
sinusitis

Question 3

S/S of influenza & typical incubation period

Answer 3

fever
cough 
headache 
chills
light sensitivity 

48 hrs

Question 4

Why avoid using aspirin below the age of 18? What does this condition mean?

Answer 4

Avoiding Reye’s syndrome

Swelling of liver and brain in children recovering from viral infections

Question 5

Timeline of S/S of infectious mononucleosis (mono) - aka what?

Answer 5

aka “kissing disease” - only transmitted through saliva

day 3-5:
headache, fatigue, loss of appetite

d 5-15:
fever, swollen lymph, sore throat

2nd wk:
50-70% has enlarged spleen (more likely for splenic ruptures)

Question 6

RTP policy for someone recovering from MONO?

Answer 6

can return after 3 weeks after onset of exposure

Criteria:

1) spleen isn’t enlarged
2) afebrile - no fever
3) liver function is good
4) pharyngitis and any other s/s are resolved

Question 7

S/S of rubella - how long does it last?

Answer 7

incre. temp
sore throat
swollen lymph nodes
rash - begins at face/forehead - makes its way to the trunk

typically - 3 days

Question 8

management of rubella

Answer 8

no aspirin with kids below age 18

early vaccination

Question 9

S/S of rubeola

Answer 9

happens in childhood

nasal congestion
sneezing
light sensitivity
rash - lasts 5 days ish

no cure - let it run its course

Question 10

S/S parotitis

Answer 10

inflammation of salivary glands and parotid

flu-like symptoms
fever
pain and stiffness in neck

lasts for 7 days

Question 11

S/s varicella (chicken pox) & mng?

Answer 11

fever
rash

kids / adolescents - 96hrs after exposure (vaccine)

adults - 24 hrs after exposure (vaccine)

Question 12

S/S of hay fever (pollinosis)

Answer 12

itchy, redness of eyes and nose
watery eyes
sneeze
sinus congestion

mng: use antihistamines (be careful as they are slt. sedative)

Question 13

S/s of bronchitis

what to avoid?

Answer 13

cough:
starts off as dry - progresses to yellowish discharge (lasts up to 2-3 wks)

avoid: exercising in cold/dry weather OR sleeping in cold environment

Question 14

def’n of pneumonia?

Answer 14

infection of alveoli and bronchioles

rapid onset if bacterial induced

Question 15

time of admin. of albuterol before exercise?

Answer 15

15 min before

Question 16

time of admin of salmeterol before ex

Answer 16

30-60 min

Question 17

time of admin of cromolyn sodium before ex

Answer 17

30 min before

Question 18

Mngmnt of athlete with cystic fibrosis

Answer 18

frequent drainage , proper fluid intake, enough rest during practice

Question 19

Explain Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

S/S?

MNG?

Answer 19

degeneration of skeletal muscle –> turns to fat and connective tissue (onset in children: hereditary)

s/s:
starts with difficulty walking
affects hips, legs, abdomen and rest of body
atrophy and scoliosis, postural deviations

mng: consistent exercise to delay atrophy

Question 20

Explain myasthenia.

S/s?

MNG?

Answer 20

antibodies attack synaptic junction between nn & mm. decre. of acetlycholine (neurotransmitter)

s/s:
drooping of eyelids & diplopia
general decrease in m endurance

mng: drugs that add additional acetylcholine to delay condition

Question 21

S/s of meningitis & mng?

Answer 21

s/s: 
bacterial influence will cause swelling of the brain 
contagious for 24 hrs 
high fever
stiff neck
coma 
nausea 

mng: 24 hrs isolation & use of antibiotics

Question 22

explain multiple sclerosis.

s/s
mng?

Answer 22

autoimmune disease where the attack is at the myeline sheath of any nn.

s/s: depend on nn affected
mng: no cure - have a regular exercise routine to delay onset

Question 23

explain amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 23

degen. of motor nerve to muscle - weakness or cessation of function of accompanying motor neuron and mm

upper and lower: upper is worse (lose ability to speak, swallow, use hands) - lower doesn’t have that

Question 24

explain complex regional pain syndrome

Answer 24

excessive sympathetic tone - increase sensitivity to touch, atrophy

mng: mng P and take away distressful stimuli

Question 25

recommended daily intake of iron for F and M

Answer 25

F: 15mg/day
M: 10 mg/day

Question 26

sickle cell anemia

s/s?
mng?

Answer 26

abnormal shape of red blood cell - shorter life span than regular RBC

can lead to a thrombis - can cause ischemia or a clot = possible death

s/s: diminished performance and less endurance

mng: avoid hot and humid environments and high altitudes

Question 27

what to do with an athlete/patient with hemophilia?

Answer 27

decrease in clotting ability - leads to excessive bleeding

mng: careful for collision sports or contact sports - refer immediately

Question 28

normal reading of plasma glucose

what’s considered “diabetic”?

Answer 28

60-109 mg/dl

> 126 mg/dl

Question 29

s/s of diabetic coma

Answer 29

fruity breath 
thirst
nausea 
vomiting 
unconsciousness

Question 30

s/s of insulin shock

Answer 30

N/T in hands
physical weakness

mng: proper nutrition before events

Question 31

stages of hypertension

Answer 31

normal: below 120/80
pre-hypertensive: 120-129/80-89

stage 1: 140-159/90-99
stage 2: 160/100

Question 32

red flag of cancer

Answer 32

sore throat that never heals
changes in bladder and bowels
unusual bleeding or discharge
thickening of lump

Question 33

s/s of chlamydia

Answer 33

painful discharge - vaginal

painful at pelvis
can also be asymptomatic

mng: bacterial exam

Question 34

s/s of trichomoniasis

Answer 34

vaginal discharge thats “green and yellow”
p.ful urination

mng: refer to physician
no sex

Question 35

s/s of genital candidiasis

Answer 35

vulva irritation

mng: no sex , antifungal cream

Question 36

s/s of condyloma

Answer 36

warts on genitals

nodules are swollen and can have a white middle

mng: freeze dry warts
20-25% pedophylin solution (moist warts)

Question 37

s/s gonorrhea

Answer 37

affects:
urethra, cervix, rectum

N/t of urethra – followed by 2-3 hrs of greenish yellow discharge

p.ful urination

Question 38

s/s of syphillis

Answer 38

ulcerations forms on genitals - swelling/rash
mild flu-like symptoms

mng: tx with penicillin - refer to MD

Question 39

def’n of “delayed menarche”

Answer 39

no period at all after the age of 16

no dev of sex characteristics by 14

Question 40

def’n of oligomenorrhea

Answer 40

less than 6 cycles/year

Question 41

def’n of amenorrhea - aka secondary amenorrhea

Answer 41

cessation of period after getting it - can last a couple months

Question 42

def’n of dysmenorrhea

Answer 42

p.ful menstruation

refer to MD

Question 43

s/s of possible ovarian cyst

Answer 43

referred pain in lowerback or pelvis

problems passing urine completely

refer to MD

Question 44

what consists of the female triad?

Answer 44

1. amenorrhea
2. eating disorder
3. osteoporosis