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CATA EXAM - LC > Skin Disorders - Ch.28 > Flashcards

Skin Disorders - Ch.28 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 layers of the skin & what they contain

A

epidermis - outer barrier (skin)

dermis - mech. support for epidermis - bloodvessels , nn, glands

subcutis - fat

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2
Q

def’n of ‘cafe au lait’

A

areas of increased melanin

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3
Q

def’n of ‘celluitis’

A

warmth & reddening of skin

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4
Q

name an example of the following primary skin lesions:

macules 
papules 
plaques 
nodules 
tumors
cysts
wheals
vescicles
bullae 
pustules
A 
macules - freckle
papules - wart
plaques - patch of dipigmentation 
nodules - soft mass < 1 cm size
tumors - solid mass larger than 1 cm 
cysts - fluid filled capsules
wheals - hives 
vesicles - smallpox
bullae - larger vesicles 
pustules - vesicles but with pus
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5
Q

name an example of the following secondary skin lesions:

scale
crust
fissure
erosion 
ulcer
scar
A 
scale - flakes
crust - dried exudate (dried eye goop) 
fissure - skin crack
erosion - scratch 
ulcer- pressure sore 
scar - healing of dermis
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6
Q

def’n of ‘hyperkeratosis’

A

callus formation due to external forces of rubbing - thickening of stratum corneum

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7
Q

MNG of hyperkeratosis

A

no pomus stones

external forces should be minimized

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8
Q

mx for blisters?

A

shearing (horiz) forces

s/s - hot spot with fluid filled (clear of blood)

mng - use of second skin or stop shearing force

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9
Q

def’n of ‘cavus purus’

mng?

A

hard callus

due to improperly fitted shoes & anatomical abnormalities & hammer toes

wear properly fitted shoes

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10
Q

def’n of ‘ cavus mollis’

mng?

A

soft calus

due to narrow shoes & excessive foot perspiration

wear properly fitted shoes

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11
Q

how do you combat excessive perspiration of feet?

A

apply astringent, powders, change footwear frequently

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12
Q

chafing? mng?

A

friction of an area (repeated)

cleaned and dried everyday

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13
Q

def’n of ‘xerotic skin’

A

dry skin during winter months (use any moisturizer

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14
Q

mng of ingrown toenails?

A

soak in warm water & betadine (20 mins) to soften the skin

lift nail from skin
no round cutting of the toe nail - must be cut straight

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15
Q

def’n of ‘abrasion’

A

skin scrapped across a rough surface

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16
Q

diff between laceration and incision?

A

laceration: jagged and rough cut usually deep
incision: clean and straight cut

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17
Q

what does irrigation do?

A

using a gauze soaked in saline to create moist environment for open would (not used for infection)

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18
Q

which is more clinically effective in healing wounds? non-occlusive or occlusive

A

occlusive

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19
Q

in which situation would closing steristrips would be appropriate?

A

clean and smooth lacerations with areas that don’t have a lot of dynamic pull to it (face) or area of minimal movement

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20
Q

what gauze is indicative for puncture wounds?

A

woven
unwoven
impregnated gauze

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21
Q

def’n of methicillen resistant stephalococcus aureus (MRSA)

s/s?

mng?

A

infection that infects any part of the body
- highly resistance to commonly used antibiotics

redness and tenderness @ site of infection

mng: antibiotics

22
Q

RTP criteria for infections

A

no new lesions for 48 hrs

72 hrs of antibiotics tx

no drainage of wound

23
Q

s/s ‘impetigo contagiosa’

mng?

RTP?

A

itching and redness - rupture of small vesicles (likely at body folds where there is a lot of friction)

cleansing area 4/5 x /day - use of topical antibacterial cream - batroban’

no new lesions for 48 hrs after 72 hrs of antibiotic tx - no drainage of wound

24
Q

s/s of furuncles?

mng?

A

neck, face and buttock
infection of hair follicles

mng: do not squeeze
refer to physician to drain

25
Q

s/s of carbuncles?

mng?

A

larger, deeper + several openings in skin

mng: refer to physician

26
Q

def’n of folliculitis

s/s
mng

A

inflammation of hair follicle - usually from wearing tight apparel that causes moist environment

s/s: redness, warmth - openings?

mng: moist heat applied intermittently to increase circulation + antibiotics

27
Q

def’n of ‘hidradenitis suppurativa’

s/s

mng?

A

inflamm of apocrine gland (large sweat glands)

s/s: begins as small papule - grows into tiny tumor

mng:
avoid antiperspirants, deoderants, or shaving creams
- use medicated soaps
-systemic antibiotics

28
Q

def’n of paronchyia and onychia

mng?

A

paronchyia: infection of proximal/lateral nail folds - reddish bumps of proximal/lateral area of nailbed

onychia:
infection of nail bed (avoid this bitch)

mng:
soak finger in betadine 3x/day

29
Q

tetanus infection

s/s

mng?

A

lockjaw - caused by puncture wounds or deep lacerations

s/s - lockjaw or stiffness in neck or jaw & facial expressions are painful

mng - tetanus shot immediately - ICU

30
Q

how are fungal infections transmitted?

A

dirty showers

contaminated clothing

direct contact

31
Q

s/s & mng of ‘tinea capitis’

A

s/s - begins as small papule & spreads out as bald patches with grey scales

mng - antifungal shampoo with selenium sulphide

32
Q

s/s & mng of ‘tinea corporis’

A

s/s - ring shaped - itchy red and brown spot

mng - topical antifungal (2x/day for 72 hrs)

33
Q

s/s & mng of ‘tinea ungulium’

A

s/s - nail is thickened and separated from nail bed

mng - topical antifungal

34
Q

s/s & mng of ‘tinea cruris’

A

“jock itch”
s/s - (B) browning of skin - sealing plaque with “snakelike border” (resembles a butterfly)

** not like erythasma - bacteral infection but NOT scaly**

mng - topical antifungal

35
Q

def’n of candidiasis

A

caused by yeast

s/s - beefy red patches & satellite pustules

mng - maintain dry area - antifungal cream

36
Q

s/s & mng of tinea versicolor

A

s/s- multi. macules of pink, white, and brown (don’t tan in the sun)

mng - selenium sulphide (10mins/day) for 1-2 wks

37
Q

what are the two types of herpes simplex?

s/s

A
  1. outside genitals
  2. at genitals

s/s - N/T 24 hrs prior to apperance of lesion

takes 10-14 days to heal

38
Q

def’n of herpes zoster

A

shingles - follows specific nn rot innervation

must wait until lesions are dry and crusty to RTP

39
Q

when are antiviral meds useless?

A

when lesions are crusty

40
Q

RTP criteria after viral infections?

A

5 days of systemic antiviral tx

72 hrs of no new lesions

lesions have crusted over

41
Q

mng of both warts on hands and feet?

A

protection from further irritation

plantar warts (protect with doughnut pad)

42
Q

mng of chicken pox (molloscum contagiousum)

A

no direct contact sports

refer to MD

43
Q

s/s of contact dermatitis

mng?

A
  • non immunological reaction to irritant
    usually from plants or chemicals

s/s - onset varies (1d - 1 wk)
- redness and oozing fluid

mng - ID irritant and remove

44
Q

def’n of chillbains

s/s
mng?

A

excessive exposure to cold

s/s - edema, redness, sensation of burning & itching

mng - ex and warming of body
MASSAGE AND WARM APPLICATIONS at extremities ARE CONTRAINDICATED

45
Q

if you were bitten by mites - s/s and mng?

A

dark lines in b/w body folds - extreme itching

mng - application of permethin (applied neck down overnight)

46
Q

3 types of lice

mng?

A

head louse
crab louse - pubic hairs
corpus louse - body & seams of clothing

mng - NIX shampoo - wash clothes and bedding

47
Q

s/s and mng of fleas?

A

they suck blood in counts of three

mng: calamine lotion to stop itching

48
Q

s/s and mng of lyme disease and tick bites?

A

s/s - headache, fever, rash

small dark spots that maintain colour when pressure is applied - turns out into a peripherated blob

mng: fingernail polish to take out the tick or remove ticks head with tweezers

49
Q

two spiders that are cause for concern after being bitten?

A

black widow and brown recluse

small puncture wound withe central blister
with mm cramps

mng: wash wound and refer to ER

50
Q

criteria for malignant melanoma?

ABCD

A

Asymmetrical - 1/2 of body isn’t symm

Border - edges are irregular and jagged

Colour - colour varies and is not consistent

Diameter - size that’s larger than a pencil eraser

mng: refer and constantly recheck condition

CATA EXAM - LC (25 decks)

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