Tissue Organisation - Epithelial tissue

Question 1

What are the 4 types of simple epithelia?

Answer 1

Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Pseudostratified

Question 2

What is the definition of a tissue?

Answer 2

A group of cells that have a similar structure and function - a collection of cells and their surrounding structures.

Question 3

What is the definition of an organ?

Answer 3

Mixture of the 4 basic tissue cells to perform one or more function.

Question 4

What are the 4 types of tissue?

Answer 4

Epithelia
Connective
Nerve
Muscular

Question 5

What is the function of the epithelia?

Answer 5

Protection
Absorption
Secretion

Question 6

How do epithelia receive nutrients/oxygen and why?

Answer 6

Through diffusion from adjacent connecting tissue because it’s avascular (doesn’t have its own supply)

Question 7

How is epithelia classified?

Answer 7

Shape

Number of cells

Question 8

What is simple squamous?

Answer 8

A single layer of flattened cells

Question 9

What is simple cuboidal?

Answer 9

a single layer of cuboidal (cube-like) cells which have large, spherical and central nucleus

Question 10

What is the structure of all epithelial cells?

Answer 10

All epithelial cells are attached on their basal surface to a basement membrane

Question 11

Where can simple squamous epithelial cells be found?

Answer 11

Lining blood vessels

Question 12

Where can simple cuboidal epithelial cells be found?

Answer 12

in ducts e.g. kidneys where they perform secretion and absorption

Question 13

What is simple columnar?

Answer 13

a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide

Question 14

Where can simple columnar epithelial cells be found?

Answer 14

• lining of the intestine where it absorbs nutrients from the lumen
• stomach where it secretes acid, digestive enzymes and mucous.

Question 15

What is pseudostratified?

Answer 15

Same arrangement as simple columnar BUT the nuclei have random arrangement (not fixed to the centre)

Question 16

Where can you find pseudostratified epithelial cells?

Answer 16

In the trachea/upper respiratory tract

Question 17

Order these:

Basement membrane
Apical side
Connective tissue
Epithelial cells
Basal side

Answer 17

Apical side > epithelial cells > basement membrane > connective tissue > basal side

Question 18

What are stratified epithelial cells?

Answer 18

Epithelia made up of more than one layer or cells

Question 19

What are the 5 types of stratified epithelia?

Answer 19

Stratified squamous
Keratinized stratified squamous
Stratified columnar
Stratified cuboidal
Transitional

Question 20

What are keritinized stratfied squamous cells?

Answer 20

Have a layer of dead squamous cells at the top and keratin deposited on the surface which makes it impermeable/waterproof and dry - reduces evaporation

Question 21

What are transitional epithelial cells?

Answer 21

Cells that change shape - depends on bladder

When bladder full, cells expand = squamous shape

When bladder empty, cells deflate = cuboidal shape

Question 22

Where are the 5 types of stratified epithelial cells found?

Answer 22

Stratified squamous - mouth and vagina
Keratinized stratified squamous - skin
Stratified columnar - male uretha
Stratified cuboidal - glands 
Transitional - lines bladder and uretha