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Anatomy > intestines > Flashcards

intestines Flashcards

1
Q

what is the alimentary tract ?

A
  • intestines

- bowels / guts

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts that make up the small bowel ?

A
  • duodenum = retroperitoneal
  • jejunum = intraperitoneal
  • ileum = intraperitoneal
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3
Q

what part of the abdomen do the jejunum + ileum occupy ?

A
  • jejunum = upper 2/5

- ileum = lower 3/5

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4
Q

what structures make up the large bowel ?

A
  • cecum = retroperitoneal
  • ascending colon = retroperitoneal
  • transverse colon = intraperitoneal
  • descending colon = retroperitoneal
  • sigmoid colon = intraperitoneal
  • rectum
  • anal canal + sphincter
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5
Q

where does the foregut end ?

A

1/2 down second part of duodenum

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6
Q

where does the midgut end ?

A

2/3 down the transverse colon

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7
Q

where does the hindgut end ?

A

halfway down the anal canal

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8
Q

what does intraperitoneal mean ?

A

they have mesentrys = greater mobility

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9
Q

what mesentery supports the transverse colon ?

A

the transverse mesocolon

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10
Q

what mesentery supports the ileum + jejunum ?

A

the mesentery

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11
Q

what mesentery supports the sigmoid colon ?

A

the sigmoid mesocolon

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12
Q

where does the root of the mesentery start / end ?

A
  • root is from posterior abdominal wall starts at duodenojejunal flexure
  • ends in the ileocecal junctions
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13
Q

what is a volvulus ?

A

a twist in the small intestine

obstructs vessels in the mesentery

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14
Q

how long are the small intestines ?

A

6 m

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15
Q

what is absorbed at each site of the small intestines ?

A
  • duodenum = iron
  • jejunum = folic acid
  • ileum = vitamin B12 + bile salts
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16
Q

what moves chime through the small intestines ?

A
  • persitaltic + segmentation movements
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17
Q

what is the plicae circulares ?

A

series of large folds in small intestine

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18
Q

why does the duodenal glands secrete an alkaline solution ?

A

to help neutralize chime

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19
Q

where is the duodenum found anatomically ?

A
  • to the right of vertebra L1 to L3

- right of the umbilicus

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20
Q

what are the 4 parts of the duodenal ?

A
  • duodenal cap
  • descending portion
  • horizontal portion
  • ascending portion
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21
Q

what are the glands in the duodenal called ?

A
  • glands of Brunner

- secret mucus

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22
Q

what are the jejunum and ileum surrounded by ?

A

greater sac of peritoneal cavity

covered anterioly by greater omentum

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23
Q

where does the jejunum begin ?

A

at duodenojejunal flexure

24
Q

describe the plicae circulares in the ileum :

A

small in its superior part

absent in terminal part

25
Q

what are Peyer patches ?

A

aggregated lymph follicles in mucous membrane

26
Q

describe the jejunal arteries :

A
  • long vasa recta

- simple arterial arcades

27
Q

describe the ilea arteries :

A

short vasa recta

complex arterial arcades

28
Q

what does the foregut drain into ?

A

celiac nodes

29
Q

what does the hindgut drain into ?

A

inferior mesenteric nodes

30
Q

what are the pre-aortic nodes ?

A
  • coeliac nodes
  • superior mesenteric
  • inferior mesenteric
31
Q

what do the pre-aortic nodes drain into ?

A

cisterna chyli

32
Q

what is the mesentery of the appendix ?

A

mesoappendix

33
Q

what is reabsorption ?

A

the large intestines removing fluid + electrolytes within chime

34
Q

what does the colon do ?

A

first half absorbs fluids

second half makes waste into fece

35
Q

what are some functions of the large intestine ?

A
  • absorb h2o and electrolytes
  • digest bacteria + viruses
  • make faeces
36
Q

what is the taenia coli ?

A

longitudinal bands of muscle which cause colon to become circulated

37
Q

what are haustrations ?

A

circulations of the colon

38
Q

what is epiploicae ?

A

numerous fatty tags on surface of colon

39
Q

what are the 2 types of churning that occur in the muscle ?

A
  • oestro churning / minor peristaltic wave

- mass peristalsis

40
Q

how is oestro churning made ?

A

by segmentation contractions

41
Q

what initiates mass peristalsis ?

A

gastrocoloic reflex

42
Q

what is diverticuli ?

A

outpouching of the gut

can become filled with fecal matter + become inflammed

43
Q

what is the ileocecal junction ?

A

junction that projects into the cecum - acts like a sphincter
prevents reflux into the ileum

44
Q

what is appendicitis ?

A

inflammation of the appendix

45
Q

what are symptoms of appendicitis ?

A
  • muscular rigidity
  • pain in right lower quadrant
  • vomiting
46
Q

what is Mc Burneys point ?

how is it found ?

A

base of the appendix

place little finger in the umbilicus + thumb on anterior superior ileal spine

47
Q

what supplies the midgut ?

A
  • superior mesenteric artery

- arises from descending aorta

48
Q

list the branches of the superior mesenteric artery :

A
  • 1st = inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • 2nd = jejunal + ileal branches
  • 3rd = ileocolic artery
  • 4th = right colic artery
  • 5th = middle colic artery
49
Q

where does the pancreaticoduodenal artery supply ?

A

pancreas + duodenum

50
Q

where does the ileocolic artery supply ?

A
  • cecal branches

- appendicular artery

51
Q

what does the right colic artery supply ?

A

ascending colon

52
Q

what does the middle colic artery supply ?

A

transverese colon

53
Q

what artery supplies the hind gut ?

A
  • inferior mesenteric artery
54
Q

list the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery :

A
  • left colic artery
  • sigmoid arteries
  • superior rectal artery
55
Q

what does the left colic artery supply ?

A

transverse colon + descending colon

56
Q

what is the marginal artery of Drummond

A

anatomoses of all the superior + inferior mesenteric arterys

Anatomy (12 decks)

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