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Anatomy > inguinal regions and hernias > Flashcards

inguinal regions and hernias Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hernia

A

a buldge created by a rupture of a containing structure

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2
Q

where are hernias most common ?

A

most common in abdomen

and weakend areas

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3
Q

what is hernia strangulation and why is it caused ?

A

some hernias can contain viscera

if the blood supply of this is comparised organ will necrose = strangulation

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4
Q

what is another way hernias might occur ?

A

can occur when pressure with the abdominal wall is greater then the pressure outside

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5
Q

what are the most common site for hernias ?

A

femoral
inguinal
umbilical
hiatal ( in those over 50)

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6
Q

what are the 2 types of umbilical hernias ?

A

congenital

acquired

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7
Q

what is an umbilical hernia an indication of after birth ?

A

indicated failure to close umbilical scar

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8
Q

where does a hiatus hernia occur ?

A

occurs through the oesphageal hiatus or the esophagel opening in the diaphragm

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of hiatus hernias ?

A

sliding hiatus hernia

rolling hiatus hernia

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10
Q

where is the femoral sheath ?

A

behind the inguinal ligament

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11
Q

what is found in the femoral canal ?

A

lymphatic

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12
Q

what is a femoral hernia ?

A

protrusion through the femoral canal + the saphenous opening

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13
Q

who are femoral hernias more common in and why ?

A

females

have wider hips = wider femoral canals

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14
Q

when do femoral hernias get strangulated ?

A

when they push against the lacumar ligament

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15
Q

why is the inguinal area weak ?

A

there is a gap which is created for the gonads

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16
Q

where is the inguinal ring ?

A

located laterally to inferior epigastric artery - 1.25 cm above midpoint of inguinal ligament
exit of the canal is an opening in the external obliques = superficial inguinal ring

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17
Q

what is the function of the inguinal canal ?

A

connects the spermatic cord from the testes to the pelvic cavity

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18
Q

what is the spermatic cord ?

A

refers to structures that have left the inguinal canal

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19
Q

what nerve lies on the surface of the spermatic cord ?

A

ilioinguinal nerve

20
Q

what nerve is found in the wall of the spermatic cord ?

A

genitofemoral nerve

21
Q

what are the 3 boundaries of the inguinal canal and what defines them ?

A

roof
wall
floor

anterior wall = external oblique aponeurosis + internal olbiques
posterior wall = transversalis fascia + conjoined tendon
floor = upturned external oblique
roof = arched fibres of conjoined tendon from internal olbique + transversus abdominis

22
Q

how many layers of the inguinal canal is there ?

A

4

23
Q

describe the deepest layer of the inguinal canal ?

A

is the transverse fascia

forms the deep inguinal ring and inner layer of spermatic cord

24
Q

describe the 2nd deepest layer of the innguinal canal

A

formed from the internal oblique contributes muscle + fascia to spermatic cord
muscle is called the cremaster muscle
fascia is called cremasteric fascia

25
Q

describe the 2nd most superficial layer of the inguinal canal

A

made up of conjoined tendon however the transverse abdominis doesnt contribute to the spermatic cord

26
Q

describe the most superficial layer of the inguinal canal

A

formed of the external oblique
forms the superficial inguinal ring + spermatic cord
called the external spermatic fascia

27
Q

where does a femoral hernia emerge from ?

A

from the femoral canal

28
Q

where does an inguinal hernia emerge from ?

A

through the superficial inguinal ring

29
Q

why is an inguinal hernia more common in males ?

A

men have wider inguinal canal dues to the spermatic cord passing through it

30
Q

what hernia is more common ? inguinal or femoral ?

A

inguinal

31
Q

how are femoral + inguinal hernias differentiated ?

A

by the position of their root

32
Q

where is the root of a femoral hernia found ?

A

lies below + lateral to pubic tubercle

33
Q

where is the root of an inguinal hernia ?

A

lies above and medial to pubic tubercle

34
Q

what forms the spermatic cord ?

A

is formed by the descent of the testes down the abdominal wall , descent leaves a trail of neurovascular bundles = spermatic cord

35
Q

where do the 3 walls of the spermatic cord come from ? what are the 3 walls called ?

A

3 walls comes from the obliques + the transversalis fascia
external obliques = external spermatic fascia
internal obliques = cremasteric muscle + fascia
transversalis fascia = internal spermatic fascia

36
Q

what are the names of the fascia in the testes ?

A

campers fascia = dartos fascia

scarpas fascia = colles fascia

37
Q

why is the testes covered in smooth muscle ? what is the name of this muscle ?

A

covered in smooth muscle so that it is kept cool. ( no fat in smooth muscle )
dartos muscle

38
Q

what is the processus vaginalis ?

A

perfusion of the peritoneal membrane

39
Q

what is hydrocele testis ?

A

and enlargement of the testes caused by an increased amount of fluid in the tunica vaginalis

40
Q

what is an indirect inguinal hernia ?

A

refers to a hernia through the inguinal canal

41
Q

how can you feel for an indirect inguinal hernia ?

A

placing finger in scrotal wall

hernia is felt emgering from superficial inguinal ring

42
Q

where is a direct inguinal hernia found ?

A

at the inguinal triangle

43
Q

what is the inguinal triangle ?

A

area of weakness in the lower abdominal wall

44
Q

what are the boarders of the inguinal triangle and how are they formed ?

A

medila , lateral , inferior
medial boarder = lateral margin of rectus abdominis
lateral boarder = inferior epigastric artery
inferior = inguinal ligament

45
Q

why is the lower half of the inguinal triangle at the most risk of hernias ?

A

only protection is the transversalis

46
Q

how does the inguinal triangle try to prevent herniation ?

A

conjoint tendon is pulled downards during its contraction

47
Q

what controls the contraction of the conjoined tendon ?

A

ilioinguinal nerves

Anatomy (12 decks)

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