Tissue aggregates

Question 1

examples

Answer 1

organs, muscles, fascia, ligaments, tendons, bones, joints

Question 2

organs: (serving the same)

fascia:
- may be ?
- text describes fibers as?
perimysium: fascia that surrounds ?

Answer 2

aggregates of tissue with functional unity

sheetlike membrane surrounding organs

• dens filmy thin or thick
• matted

striated muscle so thick muscle cannot be clearly seen through it

Question 3

ligaments and tendons: 
ligaments _ "....."
visceral ligaments: 
skeletal ligaments: 
-must be able to?

Answer 3

binding
bind organs together or hold structures in place
bind bone to bone
-withstand great pressure

Question 4

tendons: attach ?
-longitudinal array of fibers gives ?
aponeurosis?
tendons have morphology of ?

Answer 4

muscle to bone or cartilage
-great tensile strength and reduced compressive strength

sheet-like tendon resembling fascia but much stronger

muscles they serve

Question 5

textbook says bones and cartilage have ?
developing bone typically has ?
all bone begins as?
cartilage becomes impregnated with ?
many articulating points between bones are ? because cartilage is ?
cartilage replaces bone where ?

Answer 5

interesting relationship
cartilaginous portion
cartilaginous mass
impregnated with inorganic salts, begins to harden, ultimately becomes bone
-cartilage/smoother and allows surfaces to glide more freely
-elasticity is beneficial

Question 6

bones:
provide?
protect?
30% of bone is ? =?
rigidity and compressive strength comes from?
-loss of calcium caused by aging increases ?

Answer 6

rigid skeletal support 
organs and soft tissue 
collagen/ great tensile strength 
calcium deposited in bone 
susceptibility to compression

Question 7

bones continued:
generally classified by ?
periosteum: 
fibroblasts: cells located in ? facilitate?
blood cell production occurs within ?

Answer 7

length, shape or irregular morphology
fibrous membrane covering of a bone; outer layer is tough and fibrous
inner layer of periosteum/ bone repair
cavities of spongy bone trabeculae

Question 8

joints: union of ?
several ?
classified by ?

Answer 8

bone with bone or cartilage wiht cartilage
different types
degree of mobility or primary component of the union

Question 9

fibrous: bind ?
- mobile or immobile?
- aka

cartilaginous: cartilage?
- limited?
- aka

synovial:
- highly?
- aka

Answer 9

immobile structures

• immobile
• synarthroidal
• cartilage joins structures
• movement
• amphiarthrodial

articula capsule contains lubricating fluid

• mobile
• diarthrodial

Question 10

fibrous joints:
syndemosis: banded by? little?

suture: union of? should be?
- serrate or dentate?
- squamous: overlap in?
- plane:
gomphosis:
- like?

Answer 10

ligament; movement

skull bones; immobile

• jagged edge
• keying formation
• direct union of two edges of bone
• hole in peg / tooth in socket

Question 11

cartilaginous joints:
synchondrosis: cartilage union ? includes junction of?

symphysis:
- includes ?

Answer 11

ossifies through aging
-manubrium sterni and corpus sterni

fibrocartilage connecting bone
-pubic symphysis

Question 12

synovial joints: joint cavity has ?

may be what or what?

Answer 12

articular capsule containing synovial fluid for lubrication

simple (two surfaces join)/ composite (more than two surfaces join)

Question 13

types of synovial joints:
plane joints ( what and what): mating surfaces are ? non?
spheroid (aka): permits ? including ?
condylar: shallow ? with limited?

Answer 13

gliding, arthrodial ; flat, non-reciprocal ( do not have convex and concave portion)
cotyloid; ball and socket; wide range of movement; reciprocal
ball and socket; movement; reciprocal

Question 14

Synovial joints:
ellipsoid: what shape? permits? but not?
trochoid (aka): bony process ? intended for ?
sellar (aka):
ginglymus (aka): one member ? permitting only ?

Answer 14

football shaped; ball and socket; wide range of movement; rotation ; reciprocal

pivot: protrudes into space; rotation but not much else
saddle: one concave member sits on other member which is convex like a saddle ; reciprocal
hinge: rotates with limited range/ flexion and extension; reciprocal

Question 15

muscles: combo of? 
surrounded by ? called? 
attach to skeletal structures via?
stimulated to contract by?
nourished by a ?

Answer 15

muscle fibers into a cohesive unit
-fascia of connective tissue/ epimysium
nerves
vascular supply

Question 16

muscles
form depends on ?
movement: 
-can only ?
can shorten about? 
points of attachment: 
origin: 
insertion:

Answer 16

function

• actively shorten
• 1/3 original length

point of attachment to least mobile element
point of attachment to most mobile element

Question 17

muscles continued:
muscle movement: 
agonists
antagonists
synergists
fixators
innervated by a ?
innervation can be ?
-sensory 
-motor

Answer 17

move a structure
oppose a structures movement
aid in movement
stabilize structures

single nerve

• afferent
• efferent

Question 18

muscle movement trade off:
a muscle attached closer to a joint can ?
a muscle attached farther from a joint can ?

Answer 18

move bone farther and faster

exert more force (leverage advantage)