Muscles of Inspiration

Question 1

diaphragm 
second most?
primary muscle of ?
what shape ? separates ?
three openings (hiatuses) 
1. 
2.
3.
fibers radiate from a ? 
1.
2.
3.
innervated by ?
controlled by ? (but can be subjected to ?)

Answer 1

important muscle in human body
inspiration
dome shaped/ thorax from abdomen

1. descending abdominal aorta
2. esophagus
3. inferior vena cava

central tendon to form attachments

1. sternal attachment
2. costal attachment
3. vertebral attachment

phrenic nerves
autonomic nervous system /voluntary control

Question 2

Diaphragm (sternal head)
primary ?
origin:
course:
insertion:
innervation: phrenic nerve arising from ?
function: depress? enlarge? distend? compress?

Answer 2

inspiratory muscle
xiphoid process of sternum
superiorly and medially
central tendon of diaphragm
cervical plexus of spinal nerves ( TB: C1, C2, C3, C4; many sources say C3, C4, C5)
-central tendon of diaphragm/vertical dimension of thorax/abdomen /viscera

Question 3

diaphragm (costal head)
primary:
origin:
course:
insertion:
innervation: phrenic nerve arising from ?
function: depress, enlarge, distend, compress

Answer 3

inspiratory muscle
inferior margin of rib cage (ribs 7-12)
superiorly and medially
central tendon of diaphragm
cervical plexus of spinal nerves ( TB: C1, C2, C3, C4; CS C4 C5)
central tendon of diaphragm, vertical dimension of thorax, abdomen, viscera

Question 4

Diaphragm (vertebral head)
primary ?
Origin:
course:
insertion:
innervation: phrenic nerve arising from ?
function: depress, enlarge, distend, compress

Answer 4

inspiratory muscle
L1-L4 corpus, transverse processes L1-L5
up and medially
central tendon of the diaphragm
cervical plexus of spinal nerves ( TB: C1, C2, C3, C4 ; C3,C4,C5)
Central tendon of diaphragm/ vertical dimension of thorax/ abdomen / viscera

Question 5

External Intercostal: 
accessory ? 
origin: 
course: 
insertion: intercostal nerves ?
function:

Answer 5

thoracic muscle of inspiration 
inferior surface of ribs 1-11
down and obliquely in 
upper surface rib immediately below 
thoracic intercostal nerves arising from T1-T6 and thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves from T7-T11
elevate rib

Question 6

External Intercostal (interchondral) 
accessory ? 
origin: 
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: intercostal nerves 
function: elevate ? increase?

Answer 6

thoracic muscle of inspiration 
superior margin of ribs 2-12 
up and lateral 
inferior surface of rib above 
thoracic intercostal nerves arising from T1-T6 (some resources say T2-T6) and thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves from T7-T11
rib 1-11/thoracic volume

Question 7

Levator Costarum (brevis) 
accessory ?
origin: 
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: 
function: elevate

Answer 7

thoracic muscle of inspiration 
transverse processes of vertebrae C7-T11
obliquely down and out 
tubercule of rib below 
dorsal rami of intercostal nerves arising from spinal nerves C7-T11

Question 8

Levator Costarum (longis) 
accessory ? 
origin: 
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: 
function: elevate

Answer 8

thoracic muscle of inspiration
transverse processes of C7-T11 (some sources say T1-T10)
down and obliquely out
bypasses rib below point of insertion to insert into next rib
dorsal rami of intercostal nerves arising from spinal nerves C7-C11
rib cage

Question 9

Serratus posterior superior 
accessory
origin: 
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: 
function: elevates

Answer 9

thoracic muscle of inspiration 
spinous processes of C7 and T1-T3
down and laterally 
just beyond angles of ribs 2-5
ventral intercostal portion of spinal nerves T1-T4 or T5
ribs 2-5

Question 10

Serratus anterior 
muscle of ?
origin: 
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: 
function: elevate

Answer 10

upper arm and shoulder 
ribs 1-9 lateral surface of thorax 
up and back
inner vertebral border of scapula 
brachial plexus, long thoracic nerve from C5-C7 
ribs 1-9

Question 11

Pectoralis major (sternal head) 
muscle of ?
origin: 
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: 
function: elevate ? thus?

Answer 11

upper arm and shoulder
length of sternum at costal cartilages
fans laterally, converging at humerus
greater tubercle of humerus
superior branch brachial plexus (spinal nerves C5-C8 and T1)
sternum/increasing transverse dimension of rib cage

Question 12

Pectoralis minor 
muscle of ? 
origin:
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: 
function:

Answer 12

upper arm and shoulder
anterior surface of ribs 2-5 near chondral margin (some sources say ribs 3-5)
up and laterally
coracoid process of scapula
superior branch of brachial plexus (spinal nerves C4-C8 and T1)
increase transverse dimension of rib cage

Question 13

Sternocleidomastoid (sternal head) 
accessory ?
origin: 
course:
insertion: 
innervation: 
function: elevate ?

Answer 13

muscle of neck 
mastoid process of temporal bone 
down
superior manubrium sterni 
XI accessory, spinal branch arising from spinal cord in regions of C2-C4 or C5 
sternum and thus rib cage

Question 14

Sternocleidomastoid (clavicular head) 
accessory muscle of 
origin: 
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: 
function: elevate ?

Answer 14

neck 
mastoid process of temporal bone 
down 
superior surface of clavicle 
XI accessory, spinal branch arising from spinal cord in regions of C2-C4 or C5 
sternum and thus rib cage

Question 15

Scalenus anterior 
accessory ?
origin: 
course:
insertion: 
innervation: 
function:

Answer 15

muscle of neck 
transverse processes C3-C6 
down 
superior surface of rib 1
C4-C6 
elevate rib 1

Question 16

scalenus medius: 
accessory ?
origin: 
course: 
insertion:
innervation: text says: 
function:

Answer 16

muscle of neck 
transverse processes of vertebrae C2-C7 
down 
superior surface of rib 1 
C1, C2, C3, C4 and spinal nerves C5-C8 
elevate rib 1

Question 17

scalenus posterior:
accessory 
origin: 
course: 
insertion: 
innervation: 
function:

Answer 17

muscle of neck 
transverse processes C5-C7 
down 
rib 2
spinal nerves C5-C8 
elevate rib 2