Module 4 Quiz Flashcards
articulation is the process of
the articulatory system is the system of ?
joining two elements together
mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech
Resonance is the tendency of a system to have ?
the resonatory system is the portion of the vocal tract through which ?
it does not ? but it can?
higher amplitudes of oscillation at certain frequencies (resonant frequencies)
the product of the vocal fold vibration resonates (includes pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity)
create sound/change the quality of the sound
system structure
the structure of the articulatory/resonatory system consists of?
bony supportive framework
muscles covering the framework act to modify the system
Bony framework: skull has two portions
cranium and facial skeleton
Cranial bones:
paired:
unpaired:
parietal
temporal
ethmoid
sphenoid
frontal
occipital
facial bones:
paired:
unpaired:
maxillae palatine nasal nasal conchae zygomatic lacrimal
mandible (left and right but fused)
vomer
Vocal tract: series of resonating cavities above the ? - - - - has been described as a ?
larynx pharyngeal cavity (pharynx) oral cavity buccal cavity nasal cavity
series of linked tubes
vocal tract length:
the human vocal tract is about ? at birth but grows to ?
-this increase in length is primarily due to ?
vocal tract length is the ?
6-8cm/15-18 cm in adulthood
growth of the pharynx
dominant determinant of the first format in vowel production
pharyngeal cavity: like a tube of ? extending from the ?
three main sections
muscle/area behind to nasal cavities to the larynx and esophagus
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
oral cavity: most significant ? as it undergoes ?
extend from the ?
cavity of the speech mechanism /most change during speech
oral opening to the faucial pillars
buccal cavity
the space between the ?
involved in?
involved in ?
teeth and cheeks
oral resonance
high pressure consonant production
The speech articulators:
mobile:
immobile:
tongue - most mobile mandible velum lips cheeks pharynx larynx and hyoid bone
alveolar ridge
hard palate
teeth
Lips: formed of ? red color is caused by the ? main muscle of lips is the ? fibers from other muscles insert into the ? muscularity of lips gives them ?
muscle, mucuous membrane, glandular tissue , fat and covered by epithelium
high vascularity of underlying tissue
obicularis oris, a sphincter muscle
obicularis oris
enormous mobility to produce complex movements rapidly
lower lip achieves a greater ? and does most of the work in?
because of?
resistant to ?
velocity and force than the upper lip / lip closure/ mentalis muscle
interference
hard palate:
what surface? separates?
- the ? of the mouth and ? of the nasal cavity
-anterior three quarters formed by?
-left and right sections are joined at the ? and articulate at the ?
-posterior one quarter formed by ?
palatine process of maxilla and palatine bones join at the ?
bony/oral cavity from nasal cavity
- roof/floor
- palatine process of maxilla
- joined at the midline/intermaxillary structure
- palatine bones of skull
- transverse palatine suture
alveolar ridge:
serves as important ?
point of contact for /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, and /n/ phonemes
immovable point of contact for articulation
soft palate (velum) composed of ? but NO? -capable of? velopharyngeal port is composed of ? -generally closed for ? -three nasal phonemes in english are? -moves in coordination with? hyponasality: hypernasality: velum also important in production of ?
muscle and soft tissue/bone -range of motion -velum, posterior pharyngeal wall, and lateral pharyngeal walls -most english phonemes -/m/, /n/, and /ng/ -other articulators too little nasal resonance too much nasal resonance /g/ and /k/ phonemes
cleft lip and or palate: failure of ? cleft may be either? lip clefts may involve ? palatal clefts may involve ?
embryonic facial and labial tissue to fuse may result in cleft lip and or palate
bilateral or unilateral
only soft tissue or include maxilla
soft palate only, or both soft and hard palate
tongue:
most mobile?
muscular, capable of?
hyoid bone provides ?
can be described as a highly organized ? being carried on the shoulders of the ?
-extrinsic set?
-intrinsic have a great deal of responsibility for ?
articulator rapid complex movement support for some extrinsic tongue muscles intrinsic muscle /extrinsic muscles basic posture of the tongue microstructure of articulation
nasal cavities:
extend from ?
left and right nasal cavities are divided by?
separated from the oral cavity by the?
nostrils (nares) to the nasal chonae which separate them from the nasopharynx
nasal septum
palate
a few tongue movements: elevate tongue tip: depress tongue tip: deviate tongue tip left: deviate tongue tip right:
superior longitudinal muscles
inferior longitudinal muscles
left superior and inferior longitudinal muscles
right superior and inferior longitudinal muscles
A few tongue movements continued:
narrow tongue:
elevate posterior tongue:
depress tongue body:
transverse intrinsic fibers
- elevate sides with palatoglossus muscles
- bunch tongue with transverse intrinsic
- depress medial area with genioglossus muscles
- if hyoid is fixed, depress sides with hyoglossus and chondroglossus
Protrude and point tongue:
- advance tongue body with ?
- narrow tongue with ?
- move/change direction with ?
retract tongue:
- retract into mouth with?
- retract into pharynx with ?
- shorten with ?
posterior genioglossus
vertical and transverse muscles
superior and inferior longitudinal muscles
anterior genioglossus muscles
styloglossus muscles
superior and inferior longitudinal muscles
Articulation development:
it is unreasonable to expect a child to control the ? until the ? are stabilized
with the control of the neck muscles comes the freedom to ? and with that freedom comes the ability to ?
complex, refined movements of the tongue/ trunk and neck muscles
move the mandible and tongue independently / differentially move the articulators
four vital elements of basic motor control support later speech development
experience with gravity, flexor extensor balance, trunk control, and differentiation
source-filter theory
widely accepted?
voice is generated by the ? and then routed through the ?
changes in the shape and configuration of artiuclators?
theory of speech production
vocal folds/ vocal tract where it is shaped into the sounds of speech
impact the sound resonance
Speech sound sources:
vowels and dipthongs:
source is
consonants:
source may be
source may be
source may be
phonation (voicing)
phonation (voicing)
frication (turbulence)
combo of phonation and frication
speech sound factors:
vowels:
dipthongs
consonants:
height
position
duration
place
manner
voicing
Articulatory variability: we can speak faster than we can make ? how? by ? this is called? -always occurring in? complicated by ?
discrete movements of the tongue
overlapping articulatory movements
co-articulation
-normal speech
-suprasegmentals and prosodic features (intensity curves, pitch curves, and stress curves)
