Module 4 Quiz

Question 1

articulation is the process of

the articulatory system is the system of ?

Answer 1

joining two elements together

mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech

Question 2

Resonance is the tendency of a system to have ?

the resonatory system is the portion of the vocal tract through which ?

it does not ? but it can?

Answer 2

higher amplitudes of oscillation at certain frequencies (resonant frequencies)

the product of the vocal fold vibration resonates (includes pharynx, oral cavity, nasal cavity)

create sound/change the quality of the sound

Question 3

system structure

the structure of the articulatory/resonatory system consists of?

Answer 3

bony supportive framework

muscles covering the framework act to modify the system

Question 4

Bony framework: skull has two portions

Answer 4

cranium and facial skeleton

Question 5

Cranial bones:
paired:

unpaired:

Answer 5

parietal
temporal

ethmoid
sphenoid
frontal
occipital

Question 6

facial bones:
paired:

unpaired:

Answer 6

maxillae
palatine
nasal 
nasal conchae 
zygomatic 
lacrimal 

mandible (left and right but fused)
vomer

Question 7

Vocal tract: series of resonating cavities above the ?
-
-
-
-
has been described as a ?

Answer 7

larynx 
pharyngeal cavity (pharynx)
oral cavity 
buccal cavity 
nasal cavity 

series of linked tubes

Question 8

vocal tract length:
the human vocal tract is about ? at birth but grows to ?
-this increase in length is primarily due to ?
vocal tract length is the ?

Answer 8

6-8cm/15-18 cm in adulthood
growth of the pharynx
dominant determinant of the first format in vowel production

Question 9

pharyngeal cavity: like a tube of ? extending from the ?

three main sections

Answer 9

muscle/area behind to nasal cavities to the larynx and esophagus

• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 10

oral cavity: most significant ? as it undergoes ?

extend from the ?

Answer 10

cavity of the speech mechanism /most change during speech

oral opening to the faucial pillars

Question 11

buccal cavity
the space between the ?
involved in?
involved in ?

Answer 11

teeth and cheeks
oral resonance
high pressure consonant production

Question 12

The speech articulators:
mobile:

immobile:

Answer 12

tongue - most mobile
mandible 
velum 
lips 
cheeks
pharynx 
larynx and hyoid bone 

alveolar ridge
hard palate
teeth

Question 13

Lips: 
formed of ?
red color is caused by the ?
main muscle of lips is the ? 
fibers from other muscles insert into the ?
muscularity of lips gives them ?

Answer 13

muscle, mucuous membrane, glandular tissue , fat and covered by epithelium

high vascularity of underlying tissue

obicularis oris, a sphincter muscle

obicularis oris

enormous mobility to produce complex movements rapidly

Question 14

lower lip achieves a greater ? and does most of the work in?
because of?
resistant to ?

Answer 14

velocity and force than the upper lip / lip closure/ mentalis muscle

interference

Question 15

hard palate:
what surface? separates?
- the ? of the mouth and ? of the nasal cavity
-anterior three quarters formed by?
-left and right sections are joined at the ? and articulate at the ?
-posterior one quarter formed by ?
palatine process of maxilla and palatine bones join at the ?

Answer 15

bony/oral cavity from nasal cavity

• roof/floor
• palatine process of maxilla
• joined at the midline/intermaxillary structure
• palatine bones of skull
• transverse palatine suture

Question 16

alveolar ridge:

serves as important ?

Answer 16

point of contact for /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, and /n/ phonemes

immovable point of contact for articulation

Question 17

soft palate (velum) 
composed of ? but NO?
-capable of?
velopharyngeal port is composed of ? 
-generally closed for ? 
-three nasal phonemes in english are?
-moves in coordination with?
hyponasality:
hypernasality: 
velum also important in production of ?

Answer 17

muscle and soft tissue/bone 
-range of motion 
-velum, posterior pharyngeal wall, and lateral pharyngeal walls 
-most english phonemes 
-/m/, /n/, and /ng/
-other articulators
too little nasal resonance
too much nasal resonance 
/g/ and /k/ phonemes

Question 18

cleft lip and or palate: 
failure of ? 
cleft may be either?
lip clefts may involve ?
palatal clefts may involve ?

Answer 18

embryonic facial and labial tissue to fuse may result in cleft lip and or palate

bilateral or unilateral

only soft tissue or include maxilla

soft palate only, or both soft and hard palate

Question 19

tongue:
most mobile?
muscular, capable of?
hyoid bone provides ?
can be described as a highly organized ? being carried on the shoulders of the ?
-extrinsic set?
-intrinsic have a great deal of responsibility for ?

Answer 19

articulator 
rapid complex movement 
support for some extrinsic tongue muscles 
intrinsic muscle /extrinsic muscles 
basic posture of the tongue 
microstructure of articulation

Question 20

nasal cavities:
extend from ?
left and right nasal cavities are divided by?
separated from the oral cavity by the?

Answer 20

nostrils (nares) to the nasal chonae which separate them from the nasopharynx

nasal septum

palate

Question 21

a few tongue movements:
elevate tongue tip: 
depress tongue tip:
deviate tongue tip left: 
deviate tongue tip right:

Answer 21

superior longitudinal muscles
inferior longitudinal muscles
left superior and inferior longitudinal muscles
right superior and inferior longitudinal muscles

Question 22

A few tongue movements continued:
narrow tongue:
elevate posterior tongue:
depress tongue body:

Answer 22

transverse intrinsic fibers

• elevate sides with palatoglossus muscles
• bunch tongue with transverse intrinsic
• depress medial area with genioglossus muscles
• if hyoid is fixed, depress sides with hyoglossus and chondroglossus

Question 23

Protrude and point tongue:

• advance tongue body with ?
• narrow tongue with ?
• move/change direction with ?

retract tongue:

• retract into mouth with?
• retract into pharynx with ?
• shorten with ?

Answer 23

posterior genioglossus
vertical and transverse muscles
superior and inferior longitudinal muscles

anterior genioglossus muscles
styloglossus muscles
superior and inferior longitudinal muscles

Question 24

Articulation development:
it is unreasonable to expect a child to control the ? until the ? are stabilized

with the control of the neck muscles comes the freedom to ? and with that freedom comes the ability to ?

Answer 24

complex, refined movements of the tongue/ trunk and neck muscles

move the mandible and tongue independently / differentially move the articulators

Question 25

four vital elements of basic motor control support later speech development

Answer 25

experience with gravity, flexor extensor balance, trunk control, and differentiation

Question 26

source-filter theory
widely accepted?
voice is generated by the ? and then routed through the ?
changes in the shape and configuration of artiuclators?

Answer 26

theory of speech production

vocal folds/ vocal tract where it is shaped into the sounds of speech

impact the sound resonance

Question 27

Speech sound sources:
vowels and dipthongs:
source is

consonants:
source may be
source may be
source may be

Answer 27

phonation (voicing)

phonation (voicing)
frication (turbulence)
combo of phonation and frication

Question 28

speech sound factors:
vowels:
dipthongs
consonants:

Answer 28

height
position
duration

place
manner
voicing

Question 29

Articulatory variability: 
we can speak faster than we can make ?
how? by ?
this is called? 
-always occurring in?
complicated by ?

Answer 29

discrete movements of the tongue

overlapping articulatory movements
co-articulation
-normal speech
-suprasegmentals and prosodic features (intensity curves, pitch curves, and stress curves)