Module 3 Chapter 4 Flashcards
Phonation also referred to as? the product of ? The source of ? Speech sounds: may be ? may be ?
voicing
vibrating vocal folds in the larynx
voice for voiced speech sounds
voiced
voiceless
Laryngeal Function Biologic ? -protects ? -prevents ? expels? Assists in ? - - - - Speech ?
(non-speech) -lower respiratory system -foreign substances from entering -foreign objects (coughing) abdominal fixation (breath holding) -heavy lifting -childbirth -defecation -vomiting phonation
Laryngeal Structures and Spaces
Hyoid bone Cartilages Membranes Muscles Nerves Spaces
Hyoid bone: larynx is ? hyoid bone also supports important anatomical landmarks only bone not attached to? -corpus is attachment for ?
suspended from the hyoid bone root of tongue corpus greater cornu (attached by ligaments to the thyroid cartilage) lesser cornu (muscle attachments) another bone 6 muscles
cartilages
three unpaired cartilages
three sets paired cartilages
cricoid
thyroid
epiglottis
arytenoid
corniculate
Cuneiform
Cricoid cartilage unpaired -what cartilage ? -only laryngeal cartilage to completely ? -sits on ? anatomic landmarks: 1. -provides clearance for ? 2. -provides point of ? 3. - -
hyaline
encircle the larynx
trachea
- anterior arch
- vocal folds that will pass over that point - posterior lamina
- articulation for arytenoid cartilages - articular facets for cartilage joints
- cricothyroid joint
- cryoarytenoid joints
Thyroid Cartilage (unpaired) what cartilage ? -... cartilage in larynx ? -superior to the ? anatomic landmarks 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
hyaline
largest
cricoid
1. Lamina (there are 2 laminae)
2. angle with the notch (thyroid prominence)
3. superior cornu (ligament attaches to hyoid)
4. inferior cornu (attaches to cricoid at cricothyroid joint)
5. oblique line
Cartilage NOT same as ? thyroid gland: large ? -lies against and around? -controls rate ? iodine insufficiency can cause ?
Parathyroid Glands:
- four small ?
- control ?
Glands
- endocrine gland
- larynx and trachea
- body produces energy from nutrients
- swelling called goiter
- oval glands located on thyroid
- calcium levels in blood
Epiglottis (unpaired) - -what shape ? -important for animals who depend on ? -attaches to body of ? by ? attaches to deep surface of angle of ? spreads upward behind ? appears ? from side view
elastic
- leaf shaped cartilage
- sense of smell for safety
- hyoid bone / hyoepiglottic ligament
- thyroid cartilage just below thyroid notch by thyroepiglottic ligament
- hyoid bone and tongue
- s-shaped
Arytenoid cartilages (paired) what cartilage ? what shape ? on superior surface of ? move in three dimensions: anatomic landmarks: 1. 2. 3.
hyaline pyramidal cricoid's quadrate lamina -rocking motion -gliding motion -rotating motion
- muscular processes: point of attachment for muscles that adduct and abduct vocal folds
- vocal processes (vocal folds attach here)
- apex
-positioned atop apex of the ?
-not ?
elastic
arytenoid cartilage
present in all humans
Cuneiform Cartilages (paired) - -located within the ? -superior and anterior to ? -help support the ?
elastic
- aryepiglottic fold
- corniculate cartilages
- membranous laryngeal covering and stiffen aryepiglottic folds
Laryngeal Joints cricoarytenoid joints: -at the articulation of the base of ? and the superior surface of the ? -affect positioning of ? instrumental in ? cricothyroid joints: -located between each ? and sides of ? -allow thyroid to ? or ? thus ? -involved in?
each arytenoid / quadrate lamina of the cricoid
-vocal folds/ vocal fold adduction and abduction
thyroid inferior horn/ cricothyroid
- tilt down/cricoid to tilt up / stretching the vocal folds
- F0 regulation
Laryngeal Membranes
extrinsic: connect ?
intrinsic: continuous ? connect ?
laryngeal cartilages with adjacent structures
- fibro-elastic sheet lining the entire larynx
- cartilages of larynx and form support for laryngeal cavities and vocal folds
Extrinsic Membranes:
cover space between hyoid and thyroid:
attaches epiglottis to hyoid:
attaches epiglottis to thyroid:
attaches epiglottis to tongue:
attaches trachea to larynx:
thyrohyoid membrane
lateral thyrohyoid ligament
Median thyrohyoid ligament
hypoepiglottic ligament
thyroepiglottic ligament
lateral glossoepiglottic ligament
median glossoepiglottic ligament
cricotracheal ligament
Intrinsic Membranes C V Q A C V T M
conus elasticus vocal ligament quadrangular membranes aryepiglottic folds cricothyroid membrane ventricular ligaments (false vocal folds) true vocal folds mucous membrane
Intrinsic muscles: adductors: - - - Abductor: - Tensors: - - Relaxers: - Auxillary: - - -
- lateral cricoarytenoid
- transverse arytenoid
- oblique arytenoid
-posterior cricoarytenoid
- thyrovocalis (medial thyroarytenoid)
- cricothyroid
thyromuscularis (lateral thyroarytenoid)
thyroepiglottis (for swallowing)
superior thyroarytenoid
aryepiglottis
Extrinsic Muscles
suprahyoid:
infrahyoid:
digastricus (anterior and posterior) -stylohyoid -mylohyoid -geniohyoid inferior pharyngeal constrictor -thyropharyngeus -cricopharyngeus -hyoglossus and genioglossus may be included
sternohyoid
omohyoid (superior and inferior)
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
Airway, Valves, and Spaces airways and spaces: - - - - - valves: - - -
ventricle pyriform sinus vallecula laryngeal ventricle glottis
aryepiglottic folds
ventricular (false) folds
true vocal folds
glottis: space between
variable sphincter permits
two divisions:
size and shape of glottis ? depends upon ?
true vocal folds
voicing
membranous glottis: anterior 3/5
cartilaginous glottis: posterior 2/5
varies/ vocal fold position
Vocal fold layers:
epithelium superficial lamina propia (elastin, also known as Reinke's space) intermediate lamina propria (elastin) deep lamina propria (collagen) thyroarytenoud muslces -thyrovocalis -thyromuscularis
Elasticity (you know what it is)
stiffness: refers to the strength of the forces ?
inertia: property of mass dictating that a ?
given material that restore it to its original shape
-body in motion tends to stay in motion
vibration is ?
frequency of vibration:
frequency and period are?
as mass increases frequency of vibration ?
periodic (repeats itself in predictable fashion)
how often a cycle of vibration repeats itself
inverse of each other ( F=1/T)
decreases
Myoelastic- Aerodynamic Theory
myo: muscles bring ?
elastic: elasticity of vocal folds brings them back into?
aerodynamic: airflow and pressure power ?
vocal folds into position to create voice and alter vibration rate
position to maintain vibration
phonation and set vocal folds into motion
