Module Quiz 5 Flashcards
Maxillae:
Mandible:
four types of teeth:
upper dental arch (paired bones)
lower dental arch (paired bones fuse at midline in first year)
incisors: cutting
cuspids: tearing/cutting
bicuspids: a.k.a premolars cutting
molars: grinding
humans are ?
20 ? teeth
how many permanent teeth
-depends on whether
teeth in upper arch are usually
upper arch typically ?
diphyodontal deciduous (baby, primary or milk)
28-32 (successional)
-third molars are present
larger
overlaps with lower arch in front
dental surfaces:
media/mesial: surface of indiv. teeth closest to ?
distal: surface of indiv tooth ?
buccal: surface of tooth that could come into contact with the ?
lingual: surface of tooth that could come into contact with ?
occlusal: contact of surface between ?
midline point on arch between central incisors
farthest from midline point on arch between central incisors
buccal wall
tongue
teeth of the upper and lower arches
Normal Class I occlusion: also known as? normal relationship between ? in which the first molar of the mandibular arch is ? overjet: overbite:
neutroclusion
-upper and lower teeth/one-half tooth advanced of the maxillary molar; includes normal amount of:
projection of upper incisors beyond lower incisors in transverse plane
overlap of upper incisors relative to lower incisors
Types of Malocclusion:
Class 1: has normal orientation of molars but?
Class II: first mandibular molars are ?
Class III: first mandibular molar is ?
abnormal orientation of incisors
retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars (distocclusion) [mandible is retracted]
advanced more than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar (mesiocclusion) [mandible protrudes]
Mastication: the process of
-moving food ?
-
-mixing food with ?
deglutition:
preparing food for swallowing
- around in mouth
- grinding and chewing food
- saliva
the process of swallowing
these two biological processes require the integration of ? with ?
lingual, velar, pharyngeal and facial muscle movement / laryngeal adjustments and respiratory control
Muscular action:
- all muscles inserting into the obicularis oris may?
- all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles will be ?
- velar elevtors ?
- pharyngeal constrictors ?
be used during mastication and deglutition
used during mastication and deglutition
seal off nasal cavity
contract to move bolus down to esophagus
Dysphagia:
is a disorder of ? it can result from an impairment in ?
ASHA says that the exact prevalence of dysphagia is ? but it has been estimated to be as high as ?
swallowing/one or more of the stages of swallowing
unknown/22% of individuals over the age of 50
swallowing and respiration may be described as ?
we describe swallowing in terms of four stages but ?
individuals with neurological disorders have ?
reciprocal functions
not all stages are used for all swallows
higher than normal risk of swallowing difficulties
Four stages (Mature Swallow) oral prep stage: oral stage: pharyngeal stage: esophageal stage:
food enters mouth and is manipulated and prepared for swallowing
posterior propulsion of bolus triggers next phase
bolus moves through pharynx to esophagus
bolus moves through esophagus to stomach
oral prep stage: time varies according to ? open mouth and ? close ? breath through ? -tongue ? -soft palate is ?
tongue ? -"?" FOOD (what versus what) -effects seal along ? -maneuvers ? -- moves food against --repositions food to --repeat as needed until? salivary gands risorius and buccinator keep food from
amount and viscosity of food insert food lips (lips seal) nose -bunches in the back of mouth -pulled down to keep food in the oral cavity
holds and positions bolus -cups (tippers versus dippers) -along alveolar ridge -bolus --hard surfaces (palate , teeth) --bolus has right consistency to swallow secrete saliva entering lateral sulcus
oral prep facial muscles
obicularis oris: maintains
mentalis: elevates:
buccinator and risorius: flatten
oral seal
lower lio
cheek
oral prep mandibular muscles:
masseter: elevates
temporalis: elevates, retracts and protrudes
medial pterygoid: elevates: moves mandible: grinds?
lateral pterygoid: protrudes and grinds
mandible
mandible
mandible/laterally/mandible
mandible
oral prep tongue muscles:
mylohyoid: elevates
geniohyoid and digastric: elevate ? depress?
superior longitudinal: elevates and deviates
inferior longitudinal: depresses and deviates
floor of mouth
hyoid/mandible
tongue tip
tongue tip
oral prep tongue muscles:
vertical
genioglossus
styloglossus
cups and grooves tongue
moves tongue body, cups tongue
elevate posterior tongue
oral prep soft palate muscles:
palatoglossus:
- depresses
palatopharyngeus:
velum
depresses velum
oral stage: requires about?
mastication?
tongue ? ("?" motion)
-base ?
-anterior tongue elevates to ? and squeezes ?
-sides and tip of tongue remain?
-central groove forms in tongue like a ?
-midline of tongue sequentially ?
triggers the ?1.0-1.5 seconds stops moves (stripping motion) -drops and pulls posteriorly -hard palate/bolus towards faucial pillars -anchored against alveolar ridge -chute for bolus passage - squeezes the bolus posteriorly against the hard palate pharyngeal swallow
oral stage mandibular muscles:
masseter:
temporalis:
internal pterygoid:
elevates mandible
elevates mandible
elevates mandible
oral stage tongue muscles:
mylohyoid:
superior longitudinal:
vertical:
elevates tongue and floor of mouth
elevates tongue tip
cups and grooves tongue
oral stage tongue muscles:
genioglossus:
styloglossus:
palatoglossus:
moves tongue body and cups tongue
elevates posterior tongue
elevates posterior tongue
Pharyngeal stageL
triggered as bolus reaches: (or for older indiv. ?) -usually ? second or less
airway is ?
respiration ?
- soft palate is ?
- trachea is ?
- -hyoid and larynx:
- -vocal folds:
- -false vocal folds:
- -epiglottis:
upper esophageal sphincter (aka?) ?
tongue base directs ?
-sequential contractions of ? propels the bolus down the ?
bolus passes over the ? usually dividing into ? passing on either side of the ? through the ? before recombining at the entrance of the ?
faucial pillars (base of tongue) - 1.0 second or less
sealed and protected
ceases
elevated to close velopharyngeal port protected -elevate and move anteriorly -adduct lightly -constrict -depressed to cover laryngeal aditus
(UES) relaxes
- food into pharynx
- superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors/pharynx toward the esophagus
- epiglottis/two sections/larynx/pyriform sinuses/esophagus
pharyngeal stage tongue muscles:
mylohyoid: elevates ?
geniohyoid: elevates ? depresses?
digastricus and stylohyoid: elevates
geioglossus: retracts
tongue and hyoid
tongue and larynx/mandible
hyoid and larynx
tongue
pharyngeal stage tongue muscles:
styloglossus: elevates
palatoglossus: narrows; elevates
hyloglossus and thyrohyoid:
posterior tongue
fauces/posterior tongue
elevates hyoid
pharyngeal stage tongue muscles:
superior longitudinal: elevates
inferior longitudinal:
transverse:
vertical:
tongue
depresses tongue
narrows tongue
vertical tongue
pharyngeal stage soft palate muscles:
levator veli palatini:
tensor veli palatini
musculus uvulae
elevates soft palate
dilates eustachian tube
shortens soft palate
pharyngeal stage pharyngeal muscles:
palatopharyngeus: contricts oropharynx to ?
salpingopharyngeus: elevates
stylopharyngeus: raises
criopharyngeus: relaxes
middle constrictor and inferior constrictor: narrow
channel bolus
pharynx
larynx
esophageal orifice
pharynx
pharyngeal stage laryngeal muscles:
lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid and oblique arytenoid: adduct
aryepiglottis: retracts: constricts
thyroepiglotticus: dilates
vocal folds
epiglottis;aditus
airway after swallow
esophageal stage:
purely: no? requires up to ?
bolus reaches ?
bolus enters esophagus at ? -cricopharyngeus will -velum and larynx will -respiration will -peristalic contractions and gravity transport bolus through ? bolus enters
reflexive/voluntary control/20 seconds of transit time
esophagus
UES -contract -lower -resume -esophagus to lower esophageal sphincter (LES) stomach
Swallowing air pressures:
oral prep stage:
oral stage:
pharyngeal stage: compression of ? laryngeal ? and relaxation of ? increase a ?
esophageal stage: respiration ? and oral and pharyngeal pressure return to ?
oral and pharyngeal pressures are equalized to outside air pressure
tongue movements create positive pressure as bolus is transferred to pharynx
pharyngeal walls/elevation/UES/superior to inferior pressure gradient and draws bolus toward esophagus
resumes/outside air pressure
