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A&P > Module Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Module Quiz 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Maxillae:
Mandible:
four types of teeth:

A

upper dental arch (paired bones)
lower dental arch (paired bones fuse at midline in first year)

incisors: cutting
cuspids: tearing/cutting
bicuspids: a.k.a premolars cutting
molars: grinding

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2
Q

humans are ?
20 ? teeth
how many permanent teeth
-depends on whether

teeth in upper arch are usually
upper arch typically ?

A 
diphyodontal 
deciduous (baby, primary or milk)

28-32 (successional)
-third molars are present

larger
overlaps with lower arch in front

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3
Q

dental surfaces:
media/mesial: surface of indiv. teeth closest to ?
distal: surface of indiv tooth ?
buccal: surface of tooth that could come into contact with the ?
lingual: surface of tooth that could come into contact with ?
occlusal: contact of surface between ?

A

midline point on arch between central incisors

farthest from midline point on arch between central incisors

buccal wall

tongue

teeth of the upper and lower arches

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4
Q 
Normal Class I occlusion: 
also known as?
normal relationship between ? 
in which the first molar of the mandibular arch is ?
overjet: 
overbite:
A

neutroclusion
-upper and lower teeth/one-half tooth advanced of the maxillary molar; includes normal amount of:

projection of upper incisors beyond lower incisors in transverse plane

overlap of upper incisors relative to lower incisors

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5
Q

Types of Malocclusion:
Class 1: has normal orientation of molars but?

Class II: first mandibular molars are ?

Class III: first mandibular molar is ?

A

abnormal orientation of incisors

retracted at least one tooth from the first maxillary molars (distocclusion) [mandible is retracted]

advanced more than one tooth beyond the first maxillary molar (mesiocclusion) [mandible protrudes]

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6
Q

Mastication: the process of
-moving food ?
-
-mixing food with ?

deglutition:

A

preparing food for swallowing

  • around in mouth
  • grinding and chewing food
  • saliva

the process of swallowing

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7
Q

these two biological processes require the integration of ? with ?

A

lingual, velar, pharyngeal and facial muscle movement / laryngeal adjustments and respiratory control

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8
Q

Muscular action:

  • all muscles inserting into the obicularis oris may?
  • all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles will be ?
  • velar elevtors ?
  • pharyngeal constrictors ?
A

be used during mastication and deglutition

used during mastication and deglutition

seal off nasal cavity

contract to move bolus down to esophagus

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9
Q

Dysphagia:
is a disorder of ? it can result from an impairment in ?
ASHA says that the exact prevalence of dysphagia is ? but it has been estimated to be as high as ?

A

swallowing/one or more of the stages of swallowing

unknown/22% of individuals over the age of 50

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10
Q

swallowing and respiration may be described as ?
we describe swallowing in terms of four stages but ?
individuals with neurological disorders have ?

A

reciprocal functions

not all stages are used for all swallows

higher than normal risk of swallowing difficulties

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11
Q 
Four stages (Mature Swallow) 
oral prep stage: 
oral stage: 
pharyngeal stage:
esophageal stage:
A

food enters mouth and is manipulated and prepared for swallowing

posterior propulsion of bolus triggers next phase

bolus moves through pharynx to esophagus

bolus moves through esophagus to stomach

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12
Q 
oral prep stage: 
time varies according to ?
open mouth and ?
close ?
breath through ?
-tongue ?
-soft palate is ?
tongue ?
-"?" FOOD (what versus what) 
-effects seal along ?
-maneuvers ? 
-- moves food against 
--repositions food to 
--repeat as needed until? 
salivary gands 
risorius and buccinator keep food from
A 
amount and viscosity of food
insert food 
lips (lips seal) 
nose 
-bunches in the back of mouth 
-pulled down to keep food in the oral cavity 
holds and positions bolus 
-cups (tippers versus dippers)
-along alveolar ridge 
-bolus 
--hard surfaces (palate , teeth) 
--bolus has right consistency to swallow
secrete saliva 
entering lateral sulcus
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13
Q

oral prep facial muscles
obicularis oris: maintains

mentalis: elevates:

buccinator and risorius: flatten

A

oral seal

lower lio

cheek

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14
Q

oral prep mandibular muscles:

masseter: elevates
temporalis: elevates, retracts and protrudes

medial pterygoid: elevates: moves mandible: grinds?

lateral pterygoid: protrudes and grinds

A

mandible

mandible

mandible/laterally/mandible

mandible

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15
Q

oral prep tongue muscles:

mylohyoid: elevates

geniohyoid and digastric: elevate ? depress?

superior longitudinal: elevates and deviates

inferior longitudinal: depresses and deviates

A

floor of mouth

hyoid/mandible

tongue tip

tongue tip

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16
Q

oral prep tongue muscles:

vertical

genioglossus

styloglossus

A

cups and grooves tongue

moves tongue body, cups tongue

elevate posterior tongue

17
Q

oral prep soft palate muscles:

palatoglossus:
- depresses

palatopharyngeus:

A

velum

depresses velum

18
Q 
oral stage: requires about? 
mastication?
tongue ? ("?" motion) 
-base ?
-anterior tongue elevates to ? and squeezes ?
-sides and tip of tongue remain?
-central groove forms in tongue like a ?
-midline of tongue sequentially ? 
triggers the ?
A 
1.0-1.5 seconds 
stops 
moves (stripping motion) 
-drops and pulls posteriorly 
-hard palate/bolus towards faucial pillars 
-anchored against alveolar ridge 
-chute for bolus passage 
- squeezes the bolus posteriorly against the hard palate 
pharyngeal swallow
19
Q

oral stage mandibular muscles:
masseter:

temporalis:

internal pterygoid:

A

elevates mandible

elevates mandible

elevates mandible

20
Q

oral stage tongue muscles:
mylohyoid:

superior longitudinal:

vertical:

A

elevates tongue and floor of mouth

elevates tongue tip

cups and grooves tongue

21
Q

oral stage tongue muscles:
genioglossus:

styloglossus:

palatoglossus:

A

moves tongue body and cups tongue

elevates posterior tongue

elevates posterior tongue

22
Q

Pharyngeal stageL
triggered as bolus reaches: (or for older indiv. ?) -usually ? second or less

airway is ?
respiration ?

  • soft palate is ?
  • trachea is ?
  • -hyoid and larynx:
  • -vocal folds:
  • -false vocal folds:
  • -epiglottis:

upper esophageal sphincter (aka?) ?
tongue base directs ?
-sequential contractions of ? propels the bolus down the ?
bolus passes over the ? usually dividing into ? passing on either side of the ? through the ? before recombining at the entrance of the ?

A

faucial pillars (base of tongue) - 1.0 second or less

sealed and protected
ceases

elevated to close velopharyngeal port 
protected 
-elevate and move anteriorly 
-adduct lightly 
-constrict 
-depressed to cover laryngeal aditus

(UES) relaxes

  • food into pharynx
  • superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors/pharynx toward the esophagus
  • epiglottis/two sections/larynx/pyriform sinuses/esophagus
23
Q

pharyngeal stage tongue muscles:
mylohyoid: elevates ?

geniohyoid: elevates ? depresses?

digastricus and stylohyoid: elevates

geioglossus: retracts

A

tongue and hyoid

tongue and larynx/mandible

hyoid and larynx

tongue

24
Q

pharyngeal stage tongue muscles:

styloglossus: elevates
palatoglossus: narrows; elevates

hyloglossus and thyrohyoid:

A

posterior tongue

fauces/posterior tongue

elevates hyoid

25
Q

pharyngeal stage tongue muscles:

superior longitudinal: elevates

inferior longitudinal:

transverse:

vertical:

A

tongue

depresses tongue

narrows tongue

vertical tongue

26
Q

pharyngeal stage soft palate muscles:

levator veli palatini:

tensor veli palatini

musculus uvulae

A

elevates soft palate

dilates eustachian tube

shortens soft palate

27
Q

pharyngeal stage pharyngeal muscles:

palatopharyngeus: contricts oropharynx to ?
salpingopharyngeus: elevates
stylopharyngeus: raises
criopharyngeus: relaxes

middle constrictor and inferior constrictor: narrow

A

channel bolus

pharynx

larynx

esophageal orifice

pharynx

28
Q

pharyngeal stage laryngeal muscles:
lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid and oblique arytenoid: adduct

aryepiglottis: retracts: constricts
thyroepiglotticus: dilates

A

vocal folds

epiglottis;aditus

airway after swallow

29
Q

esophageal stage:
purely: no? requires up to ?

bolus reaches ?

bolus enters esophagus at ?
-cricopharyngeus will
-velum and larynx will
-respiration will
-peristalic contractions and gravity transport bolus through ?
bolus enters
A

reflexive/voluntary control/20 seconds of transit time

esophagus

UES
-contract 
-lower
-resume
-esophagus to lower esophageal sphincter (LES) 
stomach
30
Q

Swallowing air pressures:
oral prep stage:
oral stage:
pharyngeal stage: compression of ? laryngeal ? and relaxation of ? increase a ?
esophageal stage: respiration ? and oral and pharyngeal pressure return to ?

A

oral and pharyngeal pressures are equalized to outside air pressure

tongue movements create positive pressure as bolus is transferred to pharynx

pharyngeal walls/elevation/UES/superior to inferior pressure gradient and draws bolus toward esophagus

resumes/outside air pressure

A&P (18 decks)

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