tissue Flashcards
a group of cells with similar structure and function, along with the extracellular substances located between the cells.
tissue
the study of tissues.
histology
covers surfaces; it usually has a basement membrane, little extracellular material, and no blood vessels.
epithelial tissue
include protecting underlying structures.
acting as a barrier,
permitting the passage of substances
secreting substances,
and absorbing substances.
epithelial
classified according to the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells.
epithelia
has one layer of cells, whereas stratified epithelium has more than one.
involved with diffusion, secretion, or absorption.
simple epithelium
simple epithelium that appears to have two or more cell layers.
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
stratified epithelium that can be greatly
stretched.
Transitional epithelium
serves a protective role.
stratified epithelium
function in diffusion or filtration.
squamous cell
which contain more organelles, secrete or absorb.
cuboidal or columnar cells
free surface reduces friction.
smooth
increase surface area, and cilia move materials over the cell surface.
microvilli
bind adjacent cells together and form a permeability barrier.
tight junctions
bind cells together
desmosomes mechanically
allow intercellular communication.
gap junctions
bind cells to the basement membrane.
hemidesmosomes mechanically
single cell or a multicellular structure that secretes.
gland
have ducts, and endocrine glands do not.
exocrine glands
distinguished by its extracellular matrix.
enclose and separate organs and tissues;
connect tissues to one another;
help support and move body parts;
store compounds;
cushion and insulate the body;
transport substances;
protect against toxins and injury.
commonly contains adipocytes, mast cells, white blood cells, macrophages, and mesenchymal cells (stem cells).
connective tissue
results from the activity of specialized connective tissue cells; in general, -blast cells form the matrix, -cyte cells maintain it, and -clast cells break it down.
extracellular matrix
form protein fibers of many connective tissues, osteoblasts form bone, and chondroblasts form cartilage.
fibroblast
joined to form collagen fibers.
resemble ropes.
They are strong and flexible but resist stretching
collagen fibers
joined to form collagen fibers.
resemble ropes.
They are strong and flexible but resist stretching
collagen fibers
fine collagen fibers that form a branching network that supports other cells and tissues.
reticular fibers
have a structure similar to that of a spring. After being stretched, they tend to return to their original shape.
elastic fibers
makes fluids slippery.
hyaluronic acid
aggregates trap water, which gives tissues the capacity to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed.
proteoglycan
hold proteoglycans together and to plasma membranes.
adhesive molecules
the “packing material” of the body; it fills the spaces between organs and holds them in place.
areolar connective tissue
-stores energy.
-also pads and protects parts of the body and acts as a thermal insulator.
adipose tissue
has a matrix consisting of either densely packed collagen fibers (in tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin) or densely packed elastic fibers (in elastic ligaments and the walls of arteries).
dense connective tissue
forms a framework for lymphatic structures.
reticular tissue
provides support and is found in structures such as the disks between the vertebrae, the external ear, and the costal cartilages.
cartilage
has a mineralized matrix and forms most of the skeleton of the body.
bone
has a liquid matrix and is found in blood vessels.
blood
specialized to shorten, or contract.
muscle tissue
specialized to conduct action potentials (electrical signals).
nervous tissue
conduct action potentials, and glia support the neurons.
neurons
line cavities that open to the outside of the body (digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts). They contain glands and secrete mucus
Mucous membranes
line trunk cavities that do not open to the outside of the body (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities). They do not contain mucous glands but do secrete serous fluid.
serous membrane
line joint cavities and secrete a lubricating fluid.
synovial membrane
-isolates and destroys harmful agents
-produces redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbance of function.
inflammation
results when the agent causing injury is not removed or something else interferes with the healing process.
chronic inflammation
-the substitution of viable cells for dead cells by regeneration or fibrosis.
-involves clot formation, inflammation, the formation of granulation tissue, and the regeneration or fibrosis of tissues. In severe wounds, wound contracture can occur.
tissue repair
stem cells, which can divide throughout life, and other dividing cells regenerate new cells of the same type as those that were destroyed.
regeneration
the destroyed cells are replaced by different cell types, which causes scar formation.
fibrosis
