tissue

Question 1

a group of cells with similar structure and function, along with the extracellular substances located between the cells.

Answer 1

tissue

Question 2

the study of tissues.

Answer 2

histology

Question 3

covers surfaces; it usually has a basement membrane, little extracellular material, and no blood vessels.

Answer 3

epithelial tissue

Question 4

include protecting underlying structures.

acting as a barrier,

permitting the passage of substances

secreting substances,

and absorbing substances.

Answer 4

epithelial

Question 5

classified according to the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells.

Answer 5

epithelia

Question 6

has one layer of cells, whereas stratified epithelium has more than one.

involved with diffusion, secretion, or absorption.

Answer 6

simple epithelium

Question 7

simple epithelium that appears to have two or more cell layers.

Answer 7

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 8

stratified epithelium that can be greatly
stretched.

Answer 8

Transitional epithelium

Question 9

serves a protective role.

Answer 9

stratified epithelium

Question 10

function in diffusion or filtration.

Answer 10

squamous cell

Question 11

which contain more organelles, secrete or absorb.

Answer 11

cuboidal or columnar cells

Question 12

free surface reduces friction.

Answer 12

smooth

Question 13

increase surface area, and cilia move materials over the cell surface.

Answer 13

microvilli

Question 14

bind adjacent cells together and form a permeability barrier.

Answer 14

tight junctions

Question 15

bind cells together

Answer 15

desmosomes mechanically

Question 16

allow intercellular communication.

Answer 16

gap junctions

Question 17

bind cells to the basement membrane.

Answer 17

hemidesmosomes mechanically

Question 18

single cell or a multicellular structure that secretes.

Answer 18

gland

Question 19

have ducts, and endocrine glands do not.

Answer 19

exocrine glands

Question 20

distinguished by its extracellular matrix.

enclose and separate organs and tissues;

connect tissues to one another;

help support and move body parts;

store compounds;

cushion and insulate the body;

transport substances;

protect against toxins and injury.

commonly contains adipocytes, mast cells, white blood cells, macrophages, and mesenchymal cells (stem cells).

Answer 20

connective tissue

Question 21

results from the activity of specialized connective tissue cells; in general, -blast cells form the matrix, -cyte cells maintain it, and -clast cells break it down.

Answer 21

extracellular matrix

Question 22

form protein fibers of many connective tissues, osteoblasts form bone, and chondroblasts form cartilage.

Answer 22

fibroblast

Question 23

joined to form collagen fibers.

resemble ropes.

They are strong and flexible but resist stretching

Answer 23

collagen fibers

Question 24

joined to form collagen fibers.

resemble ropes.

They are strong and flexible but resist stretching

Answer 24

collagen fibers

Question 25

fine collagen fibers that form a branching network that supports other cells and tissues.

Answer 25

reticular fibers

Question 26

have a structure similar to that of a spring. After being stretched, they tend to return to their original shape.

Answer 26

elastic fibers

Question 27

makes fluids slippery.

Answer 27

hyaluronic acid

Question 28

aggregates trap water, which gives tissues the capacity to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed.

Answer 28

proteoglycan

Question 29

hold proteoglycans together and to plasma membranes.

Answer 29

adhesive molecules

Question 30

the “packing material” of the body; it fills the spaces between organs and holds them in place.

Answer 30

areolar connective tissue

Question 31

-stores energy.

-also pads and protects parts of the body and acts as a thermal insulator.

Answer 31

adipose tissue

Question 32

has a matrix consisting of either densely packed collagen fibers (in tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin) or densely packed elastic fibers (in elastic ligaments and the walls of arteries).

Answer 32

dense connective tissue

Question 33

forms a framework for lymphatic structures.

Answer 33

reticular tissue

Question 34

provides support and is found in structures such as the disks between the vertebrae, the external ear, and the costal cartilages.

Answer 34

cartilage

Question 35

has a mineralized matrix and forms most of the skeleton of the body.

Answer 35

bone

Question 36

has a liquid matrix and is found in blood vessels.

Answer 36

blood

Question 37

specialized to shorten, or contract.

Answer 37

muscle tissue

Question 38

specialized to conduct action potentials (electrical signals).

Answer 38

nervous tissue

Question 39

conduct action potentials, and glia support the neurons.

Answer 39

neurons

Question 40

line cavities that open to the outside of the body (digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts). They contain glands and secrete mucus

Answer 40

Mucous membranes

Question 41

line trunk cavities that do not open to the outside of the body (pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities). They do not contain mucous glands but do secrete serous fluid.

Answer 41

serous membrane

Question 42

line joint cavities and secrete a lubricating fluid.

Answer 42

synovial membrane

Question 43

-isolates and destroys harmful agents

-produces redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbance of function.

Answer 43

inflammation

Question 44

results when the agent causing injury is not removed or something else interferes with the healing process.

Answer 44

chronic inflammation

Question 45

-the substitution of viable cells for dead cells by regeneration or fibrosis.

-involves clot formation, inflammation, the formation of granulation tissue, and the regeneration or fibrosis of tissues. In severe wounds, wound contracture can occur.

Answer 45

tissue repair

Question 46

stem cells, which can divide throughout life, and other dividing cells regenerate new cells of the same type as those that were destroyed.

Answer 46

regeneration

Question 47

the destroyed cells are replaced by different cell types, which causes scar formation.

Answer 47

fibrosis