integumentary Flashcards

1
Q

-consists of the skin, hair, glands, and nails.

-protects us from the external environment. Other functions include sensation, vitamin D production, temperature regulation, and excretion of small amounts of waste products.

A

integumentary system

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2
Q

stratified squamous epithelium divided into strata.

A

epidermis

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3
Q

from deep to superficial are stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.

A

strata

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4
Q

produced in the stratum basale.

A

new cells

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5
Q

consists of many layers of dead squamous cells containing keratin. The most superficial layers are sloughed.

A

stratum corneum

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6
Q

the transformation of stratum basale cells into stratum corneum cells.

A

Keratinization

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7
Q

results from keratin inside the cells and from desmosomes, which hold the cells together.

A

structural strength

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8
Q

surrounding the stratum corneum cells help prevent fluid loss.

A

lipids

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9
Q

dense connective tissue.

A

dermis

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10
Q

provide structural strength, and the blood vessels of the papillae supply the epidermis with nutrients.

A

collagen and elastic fibers

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11
Q

produce melanin, which is responsible for different skin colors.

A

melanocytes

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12
Q

production is determined genetically but can be modified by exposure to ultraviolet light and by hormones.

A

melanin

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13
Q

a plant pigment ingested as a source of vitamin A, can cause the skin to appear yellowish.

A

carotene

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14
Q

produces a red skin color, whereas decreased blood flow causes a pale skin color.

A

increased blood flow

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15
Q

results in the blue skin color of cyanosis.

A

Decreased blood O

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16
Q

collagen produces a bluish color.

A

scattering of light

17
Q

which is not part of the skin, is loose connective tissue that attaches the skin to underlying tissues. About half of the body’s lipids are stored.

A

subcutaneous tissue

18
Q

-columns of dead, keratinized epithelial cells. Each hair consists of a shaft (above the skin), a root (below the skin), and a hair bulb (site of hair cell formation).”

-have a growth phase and a resting phase.

19
Q

which are smooth muscles, causes hair to “stand on end” and produces a “goose bump.”

A

contraction of the arrector pili

20
Q

produce sebum, which oils the hair and the surface of the skin.

A

sebaceous glands

21
Q

produce sweat, which cools the body.

A

eccrine sweat glands

22
Q

produce an organic secretion that causes body odor when broken down by bacteria.

A

apocrine sweat glands

23
Q

consists of the nail body and the nail root.

24
Q

produces the nail, which is composed of stratum corneum cells containing hard keratin.

A

nail matrix

25
-reduces water loss, prevents the entry of microorganisms, and provides protection against abrasion and ultraviolet light; hair and nails also perform protective functions. -contains sensory receptors for pain, heat, cold, and pressure.
skin
26
stimulates the production of a precursor molecule in the skin that is modified by the liver and kidneys into vitamin D
ultraviolet light
27
increases calcium uptake in the small intestine.
vitamin D
28
-Through dilation and constriction of blood vessels, the skin controls heat loss from the body. -Evaporation of sweat cools the body.
temperature regulation
29
Skin glands remove small amounts of waste products but are not important in excretion.
excretion
30
easily observed and often reflects events occurring in other parts of the body (e.g., cyanosis, jaundice, rashes).
integumentary system
31
damage only the epidermis (first-degree burn) or the epidermis and the dermis (second-degree burn).
partial thickness burns
32
(third-degree burns) destroy the epidermis, the dermis, and usually underlying tissues.
full thickness burns
33
damage tissue deeper than the subcutaneous tissue, including muscle and bone.
fourth degree burns