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Marine Biology > Tide Pool > Flashcards

Tide Pool Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The intertidal borders the ?

A

Subtidal zone which is always submerged

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2
Q

The intertidal zone is exposed during ?

A

Low tide

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3
Q

The substrate in an intertidal zone can be ?

A

Soft or rocky

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4
Q

Soft v. Rocky

A

Sand silt or mixture (mud)

Type of rock present and the degree or height of the slope

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5
Q

Epifauna

A

Organisms that live on the surface of a substrate
Mud snails on soft
Barnacles on hard

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6
Q

Infauna

A

Organisms that live in the substrate

Clams burrowed in soft bottoms

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7
Q

Meiofauna

A

Organisms that are so small they live in between the grains of soft substrate
Attached: sessile
Or motile

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8
Q

Organisms face a variety of challenges including

A 
Desiccation
Temperature changes 
Salinity changes 
Interrupted feeding 
Wave action oxygen availability and build up of CO2
Limited space
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9
Q

Water loss is more pronounced on what kinds of days , they deal with this potential water loss by?

A

Hot dry windy

Clamming up

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10
Q

What does a snail use to clam up into or breathe ?

A

Operculum

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11
Q

A motile organisms may move where to not lose water ?

A

Tide pool or area with more moisture

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12
Q

Hiding may also mean that organisms live in places where postures remains like ?

A

Crevices in a rock or low spots in soft bottoms

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13
Q

What is the downside of clamming up

A

No exchange of gas or feeding

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14
Q

What are some mechanisms marine animals have to keep cool

A

They have a light color so it’s cooler

They have ridges in their shells to increase surface area

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15
Q

How dramatically can salinity change , what is normal ocean salinity , estuarine salinity

A

40+ ppt
33-35 ppt
5-30’

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16
Q

Organisms in the intertidal zone are ?

Organisms in the sub tidal zone are ?

A

Euryhaline : can tolerate large changes

Stenohaline: can tolerate little changes dealing with salinity

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17
Q

Salinity may start at what ?

A

20-25
Goes down because of thunderstorm
Goes up because of water loss when intertidal is exposed

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18
Q

When does feeding cease for filter feeders

A

When exposed to air, like barnacles

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19
Q

How do snails feed at low tide

A

Scraping algae off surfaces

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20
Q

For communities with semi diurnal tides an organism could?

A

Nearly half of their day in submerged and not feeding

21
Q

The degree of impact of waves affects , waves conform to shoreline in order of

A

Their distribution

Decreasing depth

22
Q

Waves are a disturbance to organisms living directly exposed by? Which type of shoreline is often exposed to them harsher, in soft bottom communities who is exposed to them ? Marsh communities?

A

Dislodging them from their habitat
Rocky shorelines
Open beaches
Not exposed to a lot because positioned behind open beach

23
Q

When can oxygen be exhausted

A

When an organisms clams up during low tide or if there are a lot of organisms living there

24
Q

When does carbon dioxide build up? Some species have

A

When organisms cannot exchange these gases with their environment
Evolved the capability to exchange gases in air and water-crabs

25
Q

Where is space the most limited , in soft bottoms space is limited why ?

A

Rocky intertidal environs,tons where surface area is limited
Organisms prefer hard substrate like oyster reef so that they don’t need to worry about washing away because of wave action

26
Q

Intertidal zone is the area between

A

Mean low tide and mean high tide

27
Q

Zonation consists of what levels

A

Upper intertidal

To middle and lower intertidal

28
Q

What is normally on the upper intertidal zone

A

Periwinkle , lichen , encrusting algae, limpets

29
Q

What is normally on middle

A

Barnacles , mussels, seaweed

30
Q

What is normally in lower intertidal

A

Seaweeds , surf grass

31
Q

Where is competition greater and why , it is always more …. Rich?

A

In lower intertidal because it is the least severe and exposed less
Species

32
Q

What is distribution determined by

A

Toleration, competition, predation

33
Q

Little gray barnacles v. Rock barnacles

A

Gray can tolerate being higher up because can tolerate desiccation, however can’t go too low because of competition from rock barnacles.
Rock barnacles can’t go high up because can’t tolerate desiccation, don’t go too low because predation of dog whelks and competition with mussels

34
Q

When one organism is a better competitor of another , it will outgrow the other when the environment is ?

A

Un disturbed

35
Q

If a habitat is disturbed , organisms move in and are later excluded in a predictable pattern known as

A

Succession

36
Q

What will form when the community is undisturbed for and extended period of time ?

A

Climax community

37
Q

Does a climax community have the highest diversity ?

A

No

38
Q

Low disturbance means

A

The organisms best suited to resource acquisition will dominate

39
Q

High disturbance

A

The organisms most resisted to disturbance or rapidly colonizing will dominate

40
Q

Intermediate disturbance hypothesis

A

Suggests that the highest diversity will occur when a middle or moderate amount of disturbance occurs

41
Q

The smaller the particles size the less ?

A

Oxygen that can fit in these spaces
Clay , silt , sand , gravel
.004,.062 ,2 mm

42
Q

The size also affects how ?

A

Water drains
I’m coarse it drains quickly ,min fine it drains slowly
In poorly sorted water is blocked

43
Q

The grain size in most intertidal communities is so ….. That all except the top few inches will be ?

A

Small , anoxic (without oxygen)

44
Q

In fauna must maintain a connection with oxygenated zones via

A

Tube, siphon, extended burrows

45
Q

What exists in the anoxic zone

A

Anaerobic bacteria the break down organics

46
Q

What forms the basis for soft bottom communities

A

Chemoautotrophs, detritus, photo autotrophs (producers)

47
Q

Who are the consumers in a soft bottom community

A

Detritus, suspension feeders( crabs sand crabs polychaetaes) , deposit feeders (polychaetes crabs) , carnivores (fishes birds moon snails)

48
Q

The food web in the rocky intertidal zone is based on

A

Autotrophs such as sea grasses, algae and diatoms

49
Q

Top carnivores in any community that have the ability to?

A

Change community composition significantly are known as keystone species

Marine Biology (16 decks)

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