Estuaries

Question 1

What is a bar built estuary , examples

Answer 1

Built by the accumulation of sediments into sand bars or barrier islands
North Carolina , cape hatteras

Question 2

Tectonic estuaries , example

Answer 2

Formed as a result of island sinking due to movements in the earth’s crust , San Francisco Bay

Question 3

Fjords , examples

Answer 3

Deep Channels cut in the coastal zone as a result of retreating glaciers
Alaska and Norway

Question 4

Where are estuaries the best developed

Answer 4

Where the coastal plain is flat and the continental shelf is wide

Question 5

Salinity can vary from ? Salinity varies according to?

Answer 5

5-30 ppt
Distance form saltwater (tides) or freshwater (river) input
Result of storms
Depth

Question 6

Salinity is not uniform. Why ?

Answer 6

Saltwater is heavier and sinks below freshwater which forms a salt wedge

Question 7

Organisms in estuaries are normally? Some are omoregulators which means ?mothers are osmoconformers …

Answer 7

Euryhaline can tolerate a wide variety of salinities ,
Mechanisms for keeping internal concentration stable
Internal concentrations that vary with surroundings

Question 8

Fresh water heading to the sea will be deflected to the … Side in the … Hemisphere due to what effect? The left Side in turn will be more ?

Answer 8

Right
Northern
Coriolanus
Saline (facing sea)

Question 9

Flowering plants in the estuaries either expel excess solutes such as? Or concentrate solutes in specific tissues such as ?

Answer 9

Spartina and mangrove trees using salt glands

Salicornia , pickle weed or glass wort

Question 10

Which is further up on land chord grass or pickle weed

Answer 10

Pickle weed

Question 11

The substrate is mostly composed of what? What is the difficulty in it ?

Answer 11

Mud

Hard to move through, anoxic because small particles ,and it can shift

Question 12

Is their intertidal areas in estuaries ? What is similar about the two and water temperature , especially when ? What animals survive in this temperament

Answer 12

Yes , it varies greatly
Tides are low
Eurythermic

Question 13

Water clarity is generally very ? In estuaries. Why? Who does this make life more difficult for and why?

Answer 13

Poor
Suspended sediments and particles from rivers
Photo autotrophs - can’t anchor, need light

Question 14

Most primary production comes from

Answer 14

Flowering plants in the salt marsh as opposed to algae or plankton

Question 15

Open water includes ? Who lives here ? What do these areas serve as ? Many species spend at least a Portion of their life in estuaries mainly as ?

Answer 15

Bays and tidal creeks which are always there at high and low tide
Plankton, floating algae, fish and larval forms
Nurseries
Larvae

Question 16

Mudflats are especially present where ? What are they similar to? Inhabitants are mainly what and why?

Answer 16

Large tidal range and gently sloping bottoms, soft bottom intertidal
Primarily deposit feeders because suspension and filter feeders get clogged

Question 17

What can help to distinguish species ? / example

Answer 17

Resource partitioning and feeding behavior
Sandpipers rely on bill to detect prey while plovers rely on eyesight (sandpiper have smaller search width and closer path walked whereas plover have larger search width and farther apart path walked)

Question 18

A salt marsh is the …area of an estuary

Which plant predominates near the water and is similar to what

Answer 18

Vegetated , spartina/cordgrass similar to red mangrove

Question 19

Give the plants in order from farthest from water to closest, how far down does it grow

Answer 19

Pickle weed(succulent and can survive desiccation) , salt meadow cordgrass, smooth cordgrass 
To mean low tide

Question 20

In low salinity estuaries less than 10 ppt which plant can be found close to water

Answer 20

Junius/ needle rush of

Question 21

Oyster reefs provide ? Where do they mainly form and why do they grow together ?, what are oysters ?

Answer 21

Only hard substrate
Mudflats
To stabilize self against waves
Filter feeders who clean the water

Question 22

What is the most common type of estuary, how were they formed and what were examples

Answer 22

Drowned river valleys , drowning of low land aprind the mouths of the rivers when sea level rose after the last ice age

Chesapeake bay and Delaware river

Question 23

When can sea grass beds be found in estuaries? It must be better than average estuary in order to?

Answer 23

When water clarity permits

Support this growth because sea grass needs light

Question 24

Mangroves are found in what areas ? What do they replace, what limits latitudinal distance

Answer 24

Tropical and subtropical
Temperate salt marshes , exception is a mixed community
Temperature

Question 25

What are zones based on for mangroves, what do pneumatophores do for a mangrove,

Answer 25

Salt tolerance, and where propagules can best survive

Assist in gas exchange , extended roots

Question 26

Where is there a mixed community?

Answer 26

Gulf of Mexico and Florida

Question 27

What control Zonation in estuaries ? What do tides help to circulate , what do tides expose to predators

Answer 27

Tides
Nutrients and detritus
Mudflats