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Marine Biology > Chapter 4 Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Quiz Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What four organic molecules make up living organisms

A

Lipids: fats keep warm
Proteins: building tissue, carbohydrates:energy make shell out of, nucleic acids: DNA

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2
Q

Marine organism that needs lipids

A

Photosynthetic

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3
Q

In photosynthesis plants algae and other autotrophs use

A

Pigments to capture energy in sunlight and used to build carbohydrates

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4
Q

The source of carbon for building carbohydrates is

A

Carbon dioxide , oxygen is released as byproduct

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5
Q

Whether heterotroph or autotroph still need to break down

A

Carbohydrates for energy

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6
Q

What is the process for breaking down carbohydrates for energy called

A

Cellular respiration

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7
Q

Respiration consumes…. And produces …… As byproducts

A

Oxygen….carbon dioxide and water

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8
Q

Water turns into and oxygen turns into

A

Glucose and oxygen carbon dioxide

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9
Q

When autotrophs make more energy than they can sue the excess is called

A

Primary production, inorganic simple things into organic complex things

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10
Q

Organisms who perform primary production at called

A

Primary producers

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11
Q

Marine organisms are major source of

A

Worldwide primary production

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12
Q

Maine organisms require…. In Order to turn carbohydrates into other types of

A

Nutrients, molecules

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13
Q

The nutrients can include

A

Minerals vitamins and even raw elements

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14
Q

Two major groups based on cellular composition

A

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

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15
Q

Prokaryotic

A 
Lack nucleus 
Ribosomes
Circular ring of dna 
May have plasmids extra pieces of DNA
Cell wall normally present 
May have flagellum 
Unicellular
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16
Q

Eukaryotic

A

DNA in nucleus
Specialized organelles
Unicellular or multicellular

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17
Q

Atom

A

Fundamental unit of all matter; carbon,phosphorous

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18
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms joined chemically together; water, proteins

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19
Q

Organelle

A

Specialized features of cell; nucleus, mitochondrion

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20
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of life; muscle cell, single cell organisms

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21
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells functioning as a unit; muscle tissue

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22
Q

Organ

A

Many tissues arranged into a structure with a. Specific purpose in the organism; stomach

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23
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs that work together; digestive system

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24
Q

Four organic molecules

A

Oxygen,hydrogen, carbon

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25
Q

Population

A

Group of organisms of same species occurring in same habitat; all the Muscles on a stretch of rocky shore

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26
Q

Communities

A

All populations that exist in particular habitat, like coral reef; rocky shore community

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27
Q

Ecosystem

A

Combination of the community and the physical environment; nearshore ecosystem

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28
Q

Solutes move from areas of higher concentrations to areas of …….. Which is called

A

Diffusion

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29
Q

Movement from water from area of higher concentration to less concentrated area through semi permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

30
Q

Marine organisms live in a very ….. Rich environment and have the tendency to

A

Solute-rich gain Solutes and lose water

31
Q

If the water loss and solute gain is significant it can cause ….. So organisms need to find a way to deal with

A

Death of cells, osmosis/diffusion

32
Q

Osmoconformers

A

Do not attempt to control solute water balance, internal concentration varies as salinity in water around them changes, can only tolerate very narrow range of salinity

33
Q

Osmoregulators

A

Control internal concentrations, wider range of salinities, secrete very little urine or use specialized glands to secrete salts

34
Q

Marine fish Osmoregulators

A 
35 ppt in ocean 14 ppt inside 
Water loss through osmosis in gills and skin
Salt in pee
Drinks in salt water 
Excreted by gills
Pass through gut
35
Q

Freshwater Osmoregulators

A 
0 ppt in water 14 ppt inside 
Water gained through osmosis through skin
Not drink
Salt absorbed by gills 
Large volume diluted in urine
No salts enter gut
36
Q

Ectotherms

A

Generate body heat metabolically but cannot maintain constant internal body temperature, dependent on surroundings

37
Q

Poikilotherms

A

Body temperature mimics the surrounding environment, do not use metabolism

38
Q

Many ectotherms are

A

Poikilotherms

39
Q

Endotherms

A

Generate body heat metabolically and body temp. Does not match temperature of surrounding environment , birds and mammals

40
Q

Homeotherms

A

These organisms retain metabolic heat and can control metabolism to maintain a constant internal temperature

41
Q

Homeotherms are

A

Endotherms

42
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Not involve two individuals, young are produced by single parent , young are genetically identical

43
Q

Types of asexual reproduction

A

Fission, budding, vegetative production

44
Q

Fission

A

Splitting of organism into two smaller organisms of equal size

45
Q

Budding

A

Organism develops buds that break off and become organism

46
Q

Vegetative reproduction

A

Plant reproduces new individuals by ending underground stem, rhizome sideways which new plants will sprout

47
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Produce gametes that unite to produce new genetically unique individual

48
Q

What produces egg/ sperm

A

Ovaries, testes

49
Q

Broadcast spawning

A

Release eggs and sperm directly into water

50
Q

In Spawning there has to be a …. Amount of gametes released in order to be effective. They release gametes according to

A

Large, moon phase, water temp. 8 days after first full moon

51
Q

Internal fertilization

A

Copulatory organ insert Soren directly into females reproductive tract

52
Q

Internal fertilization requires what? And how many gametes are needed for success

A

Contact between two parents, less gametes

53
Q

Hermaphrodites

A

Male and female reproductive tissues either simultaneously or at different phases

54
Q

Protandry

A

Spends first part of life as functional male then becomes female after some cue initiates change

55
Q

Protogyny

A

An individual that spends the first portion of life as female then turns into male, most fish

56
Q

Evolution is

A

Change in genetic makeup of pop. Over time

57
Q

In wild genetically derived traits can give …… Over his population

A

Survival/reproductive

58
Q

If organism is a better survivor, more gametes will make it into

A

Next generation

59
Q

Those organisms less advantaged may

A

Not survive or reproduce less

60
Q

Natural selections strengthens the

A

Gene pool by eliminating less advantageous traits through lack of reproductive events

61
Q

Taxonomy

A

Science of classifying and naming organisms

62
Q

Classification by taxonomy is done by…

A

DNA and protein analysis, comparing embryos, fossil record, comparing internal and external body structures

63
Q

Classifies from largest to smallest

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

64
Q

In domain or kingdom there can be

A

Millions of different organisms

65
Q

In a species there can be

A

One type of organism

66
Q

What defines a species

A

Common characteristics and ability to breed successfully with other members of species (biological species concept)

67
Q

Phylogenetics

A

Study of evolutionary relationships

68
Q

Biologists use many factors to determine relatedness like

A

Structure, reproductive patterns, embryo logical or larval development, fossils, behavior or DNA /RNA

69
Q

All compounds are

A

Molecules but not all molecules are compounds

70
Q

Respiration uses what and what are the by products

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and water

71
Q

What is it called when inorganic are turned into complex organic molecules

A

Carbon dioxide fixation

Marine Biology (16 decks)

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