Chapter 3 Flashcards
All matter is composed of
Elements of diff. Types
Elements naturally occur as
Atoms
Atoms can be found
Solo or found together in molecules
Molecules are the result of
Two or more atoms bounded together chemically
Not all molecules are
Compounds
Water molecule has slight…… Why?
Negative and positive charge, oxygen is more electromagnetic
Positive charges are near… And the negative are near
Hydrogen, oxygen
Hydrogen bonds are what keeps water at
Room temperature
Due to slight electrical charges water molecules are
Attracted to each other
Attraction of one molecule to another is called
Hydrogen bonding
The colder water gets what happens to density until 4 degrees Celsius
Density increases , until 4 degrees when. They spread out again
Hydrogen bonds keep water molecules
Cohesive
The gas from of water is
Water vapor, humidity
When molecules are closer together there is
Greater density
Water … At 4 degrees Celsius and this is why ice
Expands, float
Cold water…. Underneath warmer water
Sinks
Colder water holds more .., than the same volume of water
Oxygen, good for organisms
Ice is … Dense than liquid water due to the ….
Less, air trapped in it
If ice did not float
Water would freeze form bottom up and everything would freeze
Matter is anything that
Has mass and takes up space
Water has high
Latent heat of melting, ice melts at Hugh temp and absorbs a great deal of heat as it does
Heat capacity
Amount of heat required to raise a substances temperature by a given amount
Amounts of water
61% freshwater in ice 30% underground 3% we have access to
What place stores the most heat
Western Atlantic warm pool
High heat compactly is good for marine organisms why
Not subject to wide temp. Ranges like we are on land , exception is shallow water warms up quick because of small volume
Great deal of heat required for
Evaporation which is why water stays in ocean
Water acts as a solvent meaning
Things dissolve into it
Any substance dissolved in water is called a
Solute
Levels of solutes in water is called
Salinity
Main solutes dissolved in water… Measured in
Chloride and sodium, ppt part per thousand 1000 grams of water 35 grams of salt
Ocean water where it meets a river can be
15-25 ppt
Where can ppt be higher
If evaporation is high and no rivers lead into water
Water is relatively….. Good for …. Organisms… Level of penetration varies by
Transparent , photosynthetic, amount of solutes in the water
What is difference between Bahamas and Norht Carolina
Rivers dump solutes into North Carolina waters
First color to dissappear and at what feet
10 meters 33 feet red
Water comes from.. And to a lesser extent
Rivers, precipitation… Melting of polar ice caps symptom of sea level rising…. Thermal expansion
Solutes come from
Weathering of rocks, rivers that have solutes in them, hydrothermal vents
Anions chloride and sulfide come from
Volcanoes and places where magma comes up under water
CTions sodium potassium magnesium come from
Rivers and weathering
May gasses dissolved in sea water
Oxygen (source) carbon dioxide ( absorb sink)nitrogen(from waste)
Atmospheric Co2 is … In ocean
High