Chaoter

Question 1

Marine vs. oceanographers

Answer 1

Marine: organisms that live in sea LIVING
Ocean: study physical aspects of sea (wave, tide, current, chemical makeup) NON LIVING

Question 2

What comes from the sea

Answer 2

Products and medicines derived from marine species, food resources, and other items
Ex: agar culture bacteria
Carrageenan thicken dairy products

Question 3

Marine organisms produce

Answer 3

Oxygen used by aerobic organisms, including humans

Question 4

Oceans help to regulate

Answer 4

Climate

Ocean is slow to change in temp. Because of sheer volume , keeps land masses more stable

Question 5

Who were early explorations made by

Answer 5

Pacific Islanders, Phoenicians who sailed med. sea, Black Sea, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, eastern Atlantic Ocean

Question 6

Exploration in dark ages

Answer 6

Leif Ericsson discovered Vinland 995 AD WHICH IS NOW NORTH AMERICA

Question 7

Renaissance exploration

Answer 7

Columbus rediscovered new world in 1492

Question 8

English sea captain

Answer 8

James cook included naturalist among crew

• sailed all the oceans first Europeans to view arctic ice fields land on Hawaii and Tahiti s well as many other pacific islands
• extensive mapping and brought back specimens

Question 9

Charles Darwin sailed on

Answer 9

HMS beagle 1831-1836 as naturalist

Question 10

Edward Forbes

Answer 10

Extensively studied sea floor around British isles , Aegean Sea, and other locales in 1840’s/50’s
Major discovery is discovery of species on seafloor greatly varying by depth

Question 11

Zonation

Answer 11

Defined as presence of organisms in particular range or zone
Organisms will be found in distinct zone based on tolerance to physical or environmental conditions in that zone

Question 12

Charles Wyville Thompson

Answer 12

Scientific leader of challenger 1872-1876
First major expedition devoted to studying marine organisms
Thousands of species never previously discovered pub. 50 volumes of info collected over next 19 years

Question 13

Oldest research station

Answer 13

Woods hole marine biological lab , MA

Question 14

Sonar

Answer 14

Used to map seafloor depths and formations

Question 15

Scuba

Answer 15

Used for direct human exploration of oceanic environment for longer periods and at deeper depths than would otherwise be available to man

Question 16

Research vessel

Answer 16

Floating laboratories allow oceanographers to exp,ore marine environments for weeks months or years without returning to land based facility

Question 17

Underwater research station- Aquarius

Answer 17

Located in Florida keys
Located approx. 60 feet under water allows to stay at depth for days or weeks
Eating sleeping etc. is done

Question 18

Scientific method is

Answer 18

Systematic way of testing ideas

Question 19

Heart of method is

Answer 19

Observe

Question 20

You cannot — a hypothesis

Answer 20

Prove , only disprove

Question 21

Tested repeatedly and not disproved

Answer 21

Considered to be true and becomes a theory

Question 22

Factors are

Answer 22

Variables

Question 23

Science can offer no answers on

Answer 23

Values beliefs or feelings

Question 24

First scientific expedition to explore worlds oceans

Answer 24

Challenger

Question 25

When did oceanography begin to take off

Answer 25

world war 2 because navy wanted to gain advantage through the ocean

Question 26

Four factors that led Polynesians to migrate eastward

Answer 26

Tribal wars, disease epidemics, food, natural disasters

Question 27

Beginning 25,000 years ago Polynesians began to colonize islands of
They moved to and in eastern South Pacific

Answer 27

South and western pacific…New Guinea in west, Fiji , and Samoa in the middle
Tahiti and Easter island

Question 28

Polynesians colonized Hawaii, what tools did they lack

Answer 28

500 years ago

Compass, sextant, clocks

Question 29

Why did sailors mistake great bodies of water on other side of straight for river

Answer 29

Only seen currents in rivers

Question 30

What did they call great body of water

Answer 30

Okeano that’s what they called rivers

Question 31

Captain James cook beginning in… Circumnavigated the globe ..times over.. Years

Answer 31

1768, 3,10

Question 32

What did Ben Franklin observe off east coast of United States
And how fast does it go

Answer 32

Gulf Stream 5 knots

Question 33

British warship HMS beagle went in year, to

Discovered theory of

Answer 33

1831 Galápagos Islands , natural selection

Question 34

according to Darwin variations with species occur , and survival is determined by ability to

Answer 34

Randomly , adapt to environment

Question 35

Challenger had different types of samplers to

Answer 35

Grab roots or mud from ocean floors and nets to capture Animals from diff. Depths

Question 36

Winches

Answer 36

Mechanical engines used to lower and hoist sounding lines to measure how deep ocean was.

Question 37

Discovered deepest part , located in, . It is more than …. Deep

Answer 37

Mariana’s trench , western pacific , 4

Question 38

Why was sonar developed and what does it stand for

Answer 38

Detect submarines during war, sound navigation and ranging

Question 39

Less than… Years ago scientist…. Discovered evidence that led him to believe continents had once been … But later …

Answer 39

100, Alfred wegener, whole, divided

Question 40

Three prices of evidence for Alfred wegener

Answer 40

Plant and animal fossils that were similar on separate continents, similar rock formations, coastlines that fit together

Question 41

Theory was proposed in… And called

Answer 41

1415 continental drift

Question 42

What are core samples and provide evidence of what two theories

Answer 42

Sediment and rock between seafloor

Seafloor spreading and plate tectonics and climate has been changed

Question 43

Marine biology

Answer 43

Study of organisms that live in the sea (all water that has degree of salinity)